anything that represents something else; it has a shared meaning attached to it
What is a symbol?
100
all the shared products of a human groups; (products include material and nonmaterial aspects)
What is culture?
100
features common to all cultures
What are cultural universals?
100
the anthropologist who conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation among New Guinea tribes in the 1930's
Who is Margaret Mead?
100
the simplest level of culture; an individual tool, act or belief that is related to a particular situation or need
What is a cultural trait?
200
the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system
What is language?
200
rules of conduct that do not have great moral significance attached to them (common customs of everyday life)
What are folkways?
200
the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
What is cultural relativism?
200
This anthropologist studied the religious prohibition against killing cows and suggested it was related to the development of Indian agriculture.
Who is Marvin Harris?
200
a collection of interrelated traits (the game of football, or basketball, etc.)
What is a cultural complex?
300
physical objects and the rules for using those objects
What is technology?
300
rules of conduct that have great moral significance attached to them
What are mores?
300
a group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture
What is a subculture?
300
This French anthropologist studi.ed the Yanomamo of Venezuela and named them the "fierce people"
Who is Napoleon Chagnon?
300
a combination of a number of cultural complexes into an interrelated whole (e.g. American athletics)
What is a cultural pattern?
400
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
What are values?
400
a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and a feeling of unity
What is a society?
400
a group that rejects the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
What is a counterculture?
400
In the 1940's, this anthropologist identified over 65 general traits that are common to all cultures. (body adornment, dancing, cooking, feasting, forms of greeting, funeral ceremonies, etc.)
Who is George Murdock?
400
These New Guinea people are contented, gentle, nonaggressive, trusting, and warm.
Who are the Arapesh?
500
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations (expectations for behavior, not actual behavior)
What are norms?
500
formal written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government
What are laws?
500
the tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior
What is ethnocentrism?
500
This criminologist developed the idea of subcultures in the 1920's through his work on crime and juvenile delinquency.
Who is Edwin Southerland?
500
These New Guinea people are openly hostile, aggressive, jealous, competitive, and violent toward even their own family members.