Brain
What does the brain need to function?
What is nutrition and health from the rest of the body?
What is selective attention? Example?
What is the ability to focus on some information while at the same time ignore other information in the environment?
Example: Students need to use selective attention to focus on a test when they’re in a quiet classroom and they can hear two teachers talking in the hallway outside. Selective attention is also needed to play your best tennis when the people on the court next to you are talking loudly to each other.
What are negatives about starting school early from a student point of view? How does this affect the students' learning?
What is poor matches with the sleeping patterns of many high school students?
To address this issue, the Seattle School District decided to start high school 55 minutes later and they found that students slept about 34 minutes longer and their grades rose 4.5%.28
What is the cognitive load theory?
What is guidelines intended to assist in the presentation in a way that encourages the learner to optimize intellectual performance?
What is long term memory? What is an example?
What is how learners store general knowledge and beliefs about the world, recollections of past experiences, and information learned in school?
Where does the brain get its information from?
What is eyes, ears, and other sensory organs?
What is divided attention? Are there any tasks you can perform at the same time? Any examples?
What is the ability to pay attention to two or more streams of information at the same time?
How can elaboration be helpful to students?
What is understanding a topic better and linking different topics together and remember the information?
What are the differences among the cognitive loads?
What is intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive loads?
Breakdown:
1. Intrinsic: the mental effort required to understand the content itself, which can form from the complexity of the material
2. Extraneous: The mental effort caused by poor instructional design, which should be minimized as it does not contribute to the learning
3. Germane: The mental effort devoted to construct, organize, and automate schemas, evaluating the active learning process
Why is it important to have a working memory as a student?
What is gaining knowledge on information you receive and remembering to do assignments?
How does Physical Exercise help the brain?
What is particular benefits is enhance the functioning of the central executive—the component of working memory that helps learners keep their minds productively engaged in the task at hand?
What are some ways to get and keep students' attention?
Answers can vary:
- Create stimulating lessons in which students want to pay attention.
- Get students physically involved with the subject matter.
- Incorporate a variety of instructional methods into lessons.
- Provide frequent breaks from quiet, sedentary activities, especially when working with students in the elementary grades.
- In the middle school and high school grades, encourage students to take notes.
- Minimize distractions when students must work quietly and independently or listen carefully to the teacher.
How can teachers help students acquire new skills?
Answers can vary:
Help students understand the logic behind the procedures they’re learning.
When skills are especially complex, break them into simpler tasks that students can practice one at a time.
Give learners many opportunities to practice new skills.
Provide frequent feedback to help students improve.
Why is extraneous cognitive load labeled as “good”, but germane cognitive load is labeled as “bad”?
What is the extraneous cognitive load had a positive relationship with learning outcomes and the germane cognitive load was measured as extra negative mental effort for students?
What is the difference between storage and retrieval?
What is storage putting something in memory and retrieval finding it in memory?
What can a good night sleep do for a student?
What is it improvement of mental health, fighting germs, brain efforts to make new memories, improvement in academic performance throughout the day.
What is an example as a script? How can a script help people stay on track?
What is a script that acts as a type of plan?
This can help people with planning what to do throughout the day and in specific situations, like at the grocery store.
In what ways can the cognitive load theory improve?
Answers can vary:
Provide a strong conceptual framework for explaining the examples of learning that we observe
Consider student perspective and recognize their individual thoughts and contributions to the learning environment
How does the cognitive-affect theory impact the cognitive load theory?
What is the cognitive-affect theory predicts the amount of invested effort, whereas CLT does not give insights about the effect of self-regulation on learning?
What is the term to describe switching between two tasks like reading and listening in a podcast?
What is multitasking?
About how many cells does the brain contain? What do these do?
What is 171 Billion Cells, that receive information to the rest of the body they synthesize and interpret the information, which send messages to tell the body how to react?
How do phones distract students in school? What are ways to keep phones from distracting students?
What is the inability to learn in the present moment?
To prevent the usage of phones, rules can be implemented to ensure that students are allowed to have them, but not use them.
What is it called when students improve Emmett by patching information to mind instead of just rereading it?
What is the testing affect (or retrieval process)?
What are the conceptual limitations associated with the cognitive load theory?
What is lack of clarity about the theory itself?
What is a common strategy people use to keep information active in working memory?
What is rehersal?