🏛️ CATEGORY 1: GOVERNMENT & POWER (SOVEREIGN COUNCIL)
This group made final decisions for New France and represented the King of France.
➡️ Who was the Sovereign Council?
These people farmed the land and paid rent to seigneurs.
➡️ Who were the habitants?
These traders traveled deep into the interior to trade furs.
➡️ Who were the coureurs de bois?
These women were sent by the King to increase population.
➡️ Who were the Filles du Roi?
These groups traded furs and shared survival knowledge with the French.
➡️ Who were First Nations?
This role enforced laws and controlled the military in New France.
➡️ Who was the Governor?
This land system divided farms into long narrow strips along rivers.
➡️ What was the seigneurial system?
Why did coureurs de bois often break French laws?
➡️ Why did fur trading require independence and travel beyond settlements?
Why was population growth important to France?
➡️ Why did France need workers, soldiers, and permanent settlers?
Why were First Nations essential to the success of the fur trade?
➡️ Why did they control trade routes, trapping skills, and geographic knowledge?
This position focused on trade, settlement, and economic growth rather than warfare.
➡️ Who was the Intendant?
Why were farms built in long narrow strips instead of square plots?
➡️ Why did this give everyone access to water, transportation, and fertile land?
How did coureurs de bois depend on First Nations knowledge?
➡️ How did they rely on Indigenous guides, survival skills, and trade networks?
How did the arrival of the Filles du Roi change daily life in New France?
➡️ How did families, farms, and communities grow more stable?
How did alliances between First Nations and the French affect warfare?
➡️ How did alliances shape conflicts with the British and their allies?
Why did France create the Sovereign Council instead of letting colonists govern themselves?
➡️ Why did France want to maintain control and protect its economic and political interests?
How did the seigneurial system benefit France more than the habitants?
Ensured food production, loyalty, and control for France
Why did the French government worry about coureurs de bois?
➡️ Why did they fear loss of control and declining farming population?
Why might moving to New France have been both an opportunity and a risk for the Filles du Roi?
➡️ How did it offer land and marriage but involved danger and uncertainty?
In what ways did European settlement negatively affect First Nations?
➡️ How did disease, land loss, and economic dependence impact communities?
How does the structure of the Sovereign Council show that New France was not democratic?
➡️ How did power come from the King of France, not the people living in the colony?
Would you describe the seigneurial system as fair? Defend your answer.
it beneficial for survival but unequal in power and opportunity
Explain one way coureurs de bois helped and hurt New France.
➡️ How did they expand trade but weaken government control?
How does the Filles du Roi program show France’s long-term goals for New France?
➡️ How did France want permanent settlement, not just profit?
Why is it inaccurate to say First Nations were “helpers” rather than partners?
➡️ How were they independent nations with their own goals and power?