Key Terms
Repetition of a study to see if earlier results can be duplicated
What is Replication?
The variable that is affected by the direct manipulation of another variable
What is the Dependent Variable?
Research method in which experimenter manipulates a variable under controlled conditions and observes if any changes in a second variable occur as a result. Can draw causal conclusions
What is an Experiment?
When a participant’s expectations leads them to experience a change despite receiving a fake or ineffective treatment
What is the Placebo Effect?
The correct rules of conduct and moral principles necessary when carrying out research
What is Ethics?
A substance or treatment that is designed to have no pharmacologic effect or therapeutic value
The condition or event that the research changes in order to see its impact on another variable
What is the Independent Variable?
When the sample is NOT representative of the overall population from which it was drawn
What is Sampling Bias?
A description of what participants can expect during the experiment, including potential risks and implications of the research, that participants sign before choosing to be in the study.
What is Informed Consent?
A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
What is a Hypothesis?
Any variable other than the independent variable that is likely to influence the dependent variable
What is an Extraneous Variable?
Use of questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs, or behavior
What is a Survey?
When a researcher’s expectations or preferences about the outcome influence the obtained results
What is the Experimenter Bias?
They review proposals for research that involves human participants
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
Strategy to avoid bias, where neither the researcher nor the participants know which group is receiving a particular treatment
What is a Double-Blind Study
When two variables are linked in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their special effects
In-depth investigation of an individual or very few subjec
What is a Case Study?
The tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself
What is the Social Desirability Bias?
The process of giving participants in a completed research project a fuller explanation of the study in which they participated than was possible before or during the research
What is Debriefing?
Statement of the precise meaning of a variable, procedure, or concept within a study
What is an Operational Definition?
What is Caffeine?
Researcher engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subject
What is Naturalistic Observation?
When a subject’s behavior is altered by the presence of an observer
What is Reactivity?
Psychologists need to act morally and responsibly, and follow this code of conduct within their research
What is "do no harm"?