The chemistry of life 1
The number of protons in the nucleus is called the:
Atomic number
Electrons can occupy areas around the nucleus called:
electron shell
The bond that is formed by the sharing of three electron pairs between two atoms:
Triple covalent bond
Reactions in which energy is released [_____ reaction]
Exergonic
Complex substance that consists of amino acid
Proteins
What are the three subatomic particles that exist in an atom:
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Why are reaction rates different in solids, liquids, and gases?
The composition of particles makes each state of matter different.
Major organic compounds essential for life:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Major inorganic compounds essential for life:
Water, salts, and many acids and bases
What are the four most common elements in the human body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is a polar covalent bond?
Unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
________ already have full 8 valence electrons (or 2 for He) so are not chemically reactive.
They already fulfilled the octet rule.
Noble gases
What is molarity?
Molarity is measured as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
What is the difference between an Ionic and a Covalent bond?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons and form between metals and nonmetals.
Covalent bonds share electrons and usually form between nonmetals.
What are buffers and why are they important?
Resist abrupt and large swings in pH, it allows us to maintain homeostasis
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Acids are ______ donors that release ___ ions in solution. They have a pH less than ___ and are involved in various metabolic processes.
Protons, H+, 7
What happens in protein denaturation?
proteins unfold and lose their functional 3-D shape
What are triglycerides? (Composition)
Composed of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule
Act as biological catalysts, helping speed up chemical reactions in the human body.
Main difference between solute, colloid, and suspension particles.
Solution: Homogeneous mixture with particles that dissolve (e.g., salt in water).
Colloid: Mixture with medium-sized particles that do not settle out (e.g., milk).
Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture with large particles that settle out over time (e.g., sand in water).
Name 3 of the 4 nucleotides in DNA
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G),
Cytosine (C).
Enzyme's name usually end in:
-ase
Give me 2-3 differences between RNA and DNA:
–Single-stranded linear molecule is active mostly outside the nucleus (RNA)
–Contains a ribose sugar (not deoxyribose)
–Thymine is replaced with uracil
–Three varieties of RNA carry out the DNA orders for protein synthesis
-DNA transfers genetic information while RNA works as a messenger
What is the difference between fibrous proteins and globular proteins? (There are more than 2 differences)
Fibrous proteins are long, strand-like proteins that are insoluble in water, weak acids, and weak bases, whereas globular proteins have a spherical shape and are soluble in water, acids, and bases.
Fibrous gives mechanical support
Globular have specific functional regions