Nervous System
These specialized cells receive signals via dendrites and transmit outgoing electrical impulses down an axon.
What are neurons?
The total number of bones in the adult human body, split between the axial and appendicular skeletons.
What is 206?
The thick and thin contractile proteins inside a sarcomere that grab and pull during muscle contraction.
What are myosin and actin?
The "master gland" controlled by the hypothalamus that regulates other endocrine glands throughout the body.
What is the pituitary gland?
These sensory receptors lie parallel to muscle fibers, detecting changes in length to initiate the stretch reflex.
What are muscle spindles?
Small, round bones that develop inside tendons where high friction occurs, such as the patella (kneecap).
What are sesamoid bones?
These slow-twitch muscle fibers contain high mitochondria levels and are built for posture and endurance.
What are Type I fibers?
The essential pancreatic hormone released to facilitate cellular glucose uptake and lower elevated blood sugar levels.
What is insulin?
This division of the autonomic nervous system elevates physiological activation during physical activity ("fight or flight").
What is the sympathetic division?
The three fundamental joint movement actions that define arthrokinematics during real-world motion.
What are roll, slide, and spin?
The principle stating that if a nerve impulse reaches threshold, every muscle fiber in that motor unit flexes completely.
What is the All-or-Nothing Law?
The primary catabolic hormone released from adrenal glands in response to stress and intense exercise.
What is cortisol?
Located at muscle-tendon junctions, these receptors respond to excessive tension by signaling muscle relaxation.
What are Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)?
This section of the vertebral column consists of 5 large bones built to carry the majority of body weight.
What is the lumbar spine?
The functional role of a helper muscle that assists the prime mover (agonist) in executing a movement.
What is a synergist?
What are the 4 steps of the system
Secretion: Glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Transport: Carrier proteins bind to hormones and transport them through the blood.
Binding: Hormones attach only to target cells with matching receptors.
Response: The hormone triggers specific cell actions (e.g., muscle contraction, protein synthesis).