Neature of Matter
Polymers are made up of...
Monomers
Explain water's polatity
Oxygen has a higher electronegativity, therefore due to the angle of carbons bonds the side with oxygen will have a partial negative charge and conversely the hydrogen side has a partial positive charge
What is the process of combining monomers to form polymers?
Polymerization
In the formula 6CO2 + 6H2O ->C6H12O6 + 6O2, what are the products and reactants of this chemical equation?
reactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O
products: C6H12O6 + 6O2
How do regulatory molecules impact enzymes?
inhibitors can block the active site preventing the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex
transfers
Adhesion is waters ability to ______ to ______ molecules
hydrogen bond, other
Which biological macromolecule(s) are/is responsible for energy?
Carbohydrates and Lipids
A _______ is a physically combined substance that does not result in a new compound
Mixture
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
The sugar base
Which subatomic particles hold mass?
Protons and Neutrons
Force of hydrogen bonds at surface of water allowing organisms such as the pond skipper to "walk" on water.
Carbohydrates are stored as ______ in plants and _____ in animals
starch, glycerol
A solution with more OH- ions than H+ ions is...
Basic
double bonds
What is an isotope? What are they used for?
An element that contains different number of neutrons and therefore have different properties from the default element
Tracers and carbon dating
Why is water considered a neutral pH?
H2O breaks into H+ and OH- ions in equal proportions which determine acidity and basicity.
Macromolecule composed of C, N, H, P
Nucleic Acid
How do enzymes catalyze a reaction?
Lower activation energy
What are the levels of protein organization?
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
Explain Van Der Waal forces
Interactions between partial negative and positive molecules pushing and pulling to create a weak intermolecular force.
Why is water considered the universal solvent?
Waters polarity allows things that are polar to dissolve easily in water. Same with ions which have a pos or neg charge.
What makes carbon so valuable?
Its ability to form 4 bonds due to having 4 valence electrons. Carbon has the ability to bond to other carbons to form large structures as well as covalently bond to other elements such oxygen and hydrogen
Spontaneous reactions release energy and is more likely to react without an input in energy due to its overall lower activation energy.
Why do proteins make the ideal molecule for enzymatic reactions?
Variability in protein structures allow enzymes to have more specificity to accommodate more substrates.