The Cell Cycle
Cancer
Specialized cells
Organelles
Vocabulary
100
During which stage of the cell does the replication of the DNA take place?
What is Interphase.
100
What are are the three known causes of cancer?
Mutations, Carcinogens, and herditary
100
Cells that move like an amoeba to engulf bacteria and fight infection. Which specialized cell?
What is white blood cells.
100
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is to support the cell and allow some substances to enter while keeping others out; that is why it's called a "semi-permeable membrane."
100
Define osmosis.
What is the movement of a fluid, usually water, by crossing a membrane towards an area of high solute concentration.
200
Why is cell division important to eukaryotes?
It is important because it allows multi-cellular organisms to grown, repair and reproduce.
200
Give two features of cancer cells that make them dangerous?
1) Grows rapidly 2) Can move to a different part of the body through metastasis
200
Why do single-celled organisms not show specialization?
Single-celled organisms can't perform one primary function, because the single-celled organism needs to perform all functions it needs to stay alive.
200
Describe the difference between an eukaryotic organism and a prokaryotic organism.
Eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic organisms do not have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
200
Environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, X-rays, and UV rays, that cause cancer are _______.
What is Carcinogens.
300
What are the four checkpoints in the cell cycle?
1) signals from the surrounding cells tell the cell not to divide 2) there are not enough nutrients to provide for cell growth 3) the DNA within the nucleus has not been replicated 4) the DNA is damaged
300
Why is important for women who may be pregnant not undergo X-Rays?
X-Rays can cause damage to DNA, and this a particularly harmful to the rapidly growing cells, such as those in the fetus.
300
Do plant cells specialize in the same way as animal cells? Explain.
No, because plants need different specialized cells for different functions then humans. For example, plant cells have photosynthetic cells to collect energy from sunlight. Humans don't photosynthetic cells because we use a different form of energy.
300
Plant cells and animal cells differ because plant cells have a) Cell wall b) Cell membranes c) Nuclear membranes d) Endoplasmic reticulum
What is a) cell wall.
300
You can often smell food cooking even though you may be several rooms away from the kitchen. Using a key term that you learnt, explain the process of this situation.
What is Diffusion. The smell is highly concentrated around its source (food), so it moves from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration by diffusing.
400
Briefly describe the differences between plant and animal cell divison.
In cytokinesis, in an animal cell the cell is pinched in the center forming two daughter cells. Whereas in a plant cell, a plate forms that becomes the cell wall, sealing the contents of the new cells from each other.
400
List at least three "prevention and screening" steps that you can take to reduce your risk of premature death from cancer.
1) ABCD mole test 2) Eating healthier 3) Routine medical checkups
400
Very active cells, such as muscle cells, tend to be smaller than fat storage cells. Explain why this is true.
This is true because muscle cells have more mitochondria, which uses fat molecules to convert stored energy into usable energy. Therefore, fewer fat molecules are found in muscle cells than in fat storage cells.
400
Describe the reaction that occurs in chloroplasts.
carbon dioxide + water +energy (sunlight) -> glucose + oxygen
400
State the cell theory
1. All livings things are made up of one or more cells and their products. 2. The cell is the simplest unit of life that carries out all life processes. 2. All cells come from other cells.
500
Explain the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid.
A chromosome is a pair of two sister chromatids. A chromatid is an individual strand of DNA.
500
True or False: All radiation is harmful to humans. Explain.
False, because radiation can be targeted on cancer cells to damage its DNA, to stop it from growing.
500
Every cell in your body came from one fertilized egg cell. What does this tell you about the DNA differences between one body cell and another?
There is no difference. All cells in your body have the same set of DNA (genetic information).
500
Plant cells can make their own "food" - glucose. Why do plant cells have mitochondria?
What is to provide energy.
500
Define the four phases of mitosis.
PMAT Prophase - the first stage of mitosis, in which the chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane dissolves Metaphase - the second stage of mitosis, in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase - the third stage of mitosis, in which the centromere splits and sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes, and each move toward the opposite ends of the cell Telophase - the final phase of mitosis in which the chromatids unwind and a nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes at each end of the cell
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