People of mixed Spanish and Native American blood.
100
Who founded the trading post that later became the colony known as New France?
Samuel Champlain
100
Who was Pope?
A Pueblo who led a Native American revolt against the Spanish.
100
How did the colonies benefit European countries? (name 3)
1) They mined gold and silver, 2) They grew crops that could be traded for gold and silver, and 3) They served as a market for the home country
100
From where did the Americas receive their name?
A German mapmaker named the continent after Amerigo Vespucci.
200
What is the middle passage?
The voyage that carried captured Africans to the Americas for use as slaves
200
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas?
A Franciscan priest; wrote about the Spanish atrocities of Native Americans, however neglected to discuss the brutal treatment of Africans
200
What is an encomienda?
A grant of Native American labor
200
Who were the first Europeans to bring enslaved Africans to the Americas?
Spanish & Portuguese
200
What was the African Diaspora?
This term was used to describe the forced removal of 12 million Africans from their homeland
300
What is mercantilism?
To increase the money in a country's treasury by creating a favorable balance of trade.
300
Who was Hernando Cortes?
A Spanish Conquistador, led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec empire
300
Who was Montezuma?
Emperor of the Aztecs during the time Cortes arrived with Spanish men in 1519
300
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada important?
It encouraged other nations to challenge Spain.
300
What is mercantilism?
an economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade
400
What was the Columbian Exchange?
the movement of plants, animals, and diseases between hemispheres
400
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition of 180 men into Peru in 1531. He led an attack of the Incas where thousands of Incas, including their leader Atuahualpa, were killed. Afterwards, the Incan empire collapsed.
400
Which of the following was a reason for Spanish defeat of the Aztecs and Incas?
The Spanish were excellent soldiers and sailors.
400
Why did so many explorers look for a Northwest Passage?
They thought it was a direct water route to Asia through North America.
400
Why did European colonists choose to enslave Africans to provide labor? (list 3)
1) Africans were immune to most European diseases, 2) Africans had no allies in the Americas to aid in escape or rebellion and 3) Africans provided a permanent source of cheap labor
500
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
It moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles farther west, allowing Portugal to claim eastern South America.
500
Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
He was an Italian sailor who set out in 1501 to find a sea route to Asia and realized that the land he saw on this voyage was not Asia.
500
How was a small force of Spanish conquistadors able to defeat the Incan Empire?
The Incan emperor Atahualpa ordered his men not to attack the Spanish.
500
In what way did the Treaty of Tordesillas benefit Portugal?
It eventually allowed Brazil to become a colony of Portugal.
500
What was the goal of missions in Spanish colonial society?
to convert Native Americans to Christianity and increase Spanish control