Vocabulary
Sampling
Experiments vs Observational Studies
General
Experiments
100
This is a study in which the investigator observes characteristics of a sample selected from one or more existing populations.
What is observational study?
100
In a large school district, all teachers from two buildings are interviewed to determine whether they believe the students have lesson homework to do now than in previous years.
What is Cluster Sampling?
100
Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group was given was given an herb and the other group a placebo. After 6 months, the numbers of respiratory tract infections each group had were compared.
What is experiment?
100
When the population of college professors is divided into groups according to their rank (instructor, assistant professor, etc) and then several are selected from each group to make up a sample, the sample is called a cluster sample.
What is false?
100

This is a variable that interferes with other variables, and whose effects cannot be precisely measured/identified.

What is a confounding variable?

200
This is a variable that is not one of the explanatory variables in the study but is thought to affect the response variable.
What is extraneous variable?
200
Nursing supervisors are selected using random numbers in order to determine annual salaries.
What is simple random sample?
200
A researcher stood at a busy intersection to see if the color of the automobile that a person drives is related to running red lights.
What is observation?
200
Two major branches of statistics are ___________ and ____________.
What are descriptive and inferential?
200

Separating subjects for an experiment into similar groups based on an extraneous variable. 

What is blocking?

300
This is an experiment in which the subjects do not know what treatment they have received.
What is single-blind experiment?
300
Every 100th hamburger manufactured is checked to determine fat content.
What is systematic sample?
300
Subjects are randomly assigned to four groups. Each group is placed on one of four special diets-low fat diet, high fish diet, a combo of low fat and high fish, and a regular diet. After 6 months, the blood pressures of the groups are compared to see if any effect on blood pressure.
What is experiment?
300
Classify the variable as discrete or continuous... The time it takes a student to drive to school.
What is continuous?
300
This is something that is identical (in appearance taste and feel, etc) to the treatment received by the treatment group, except that it contains no active ingredient.
What is a placebo?
400
The experimental conditions imposed by the experimenter.
What is treatments?
400

Mail carriers of a large city are divided into four groups according to gender (male of female) and according to whether they walk or ride their routes. Then 10 are selected from each group and interviewed to determine whether they have been bitten by a dog in the last year.

What is stratified sample?

400
A study that involves no researcher intervention.
What is an observational study?
400
Descriptive or Inferential... Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men
What is descriptive?
400
This requires more than just manipulating the explanatory variables. It must also eliminate other possible explanations for any observed differences in the response variable.
What is well-designed experiment?
500
The tendency for samples to differ from the population because of systematic exclusion of some part of the population.
What is Selection Bias?
500
A common form of convenience sampling.
What is volunteer response sampling?
500
A researcher finds that people who are more hostile have higher cholesterol levels than those that are less hostile.
What is observational study?
500
Descriptive or inferential... The national average annual medicine expenditure per person is $1052.
What is descriptive?
500
The smallest unit to which a treatment is applied.
What is an experimental unit?
M
e
n
u