Atoms & Subatomic Particles
What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What type of bond forms when electrons are shared?
A covalent bond
What property of water causes it to have slightly charged ends?
Polarity
What is a substance with a pH of 6 classified as?
An acid
What are the substances that enter a chemical reaction called?
Reactants
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is the number of protons in an atom called?
The atomic number
What type of bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
An ionic bond
What causes water molecules to stick to other substances like glass?
Adhesion
What type of substance has more OH⁻ ions than H⁺ ions?
A base
What are the substances formed by a chemical reaction called?
Products
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
They lower activation energy
Which subatomic particle differs between isotopes of the same element?
Neutrons
What charge does the oxygen atom have in a water molecule?
Slightly negative
What causes water molecules to stick to each other?
Cohesion
What is the pH of pure water?
7
What is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction?
Activation energy
What two factors strongly affect enzyme activity?
Temperature and pH
What is the mass number of an atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons?
7
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
Four
What mixture forms when salt is completely dissolved in water?
A solution
What is the strongest acid listed on the pH scale in the table?
Hydrochloric acid
What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
Atoms are rearranged
What element is the backbone of all organic molecules?
Carbon
Which electrons are most involved in forming chemical bonds?
Valence electrons
Why does sodium bond easily with chlorine?
Opposite charges attract
What type of mixture forms when living cells are mixed into water?
A suspension
Is it sometimes safe to eat acidic foods like tomatoes? Explain using pH values.
Yes, some acids are safe
How is energy related to the reactants and products of a chemical reaction?
Energy is stored or released
Which macromolecules are polymers?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids