Cell Basics
What is the smallest unit of life?
Which organelle holds a eukaryotic cell’s DNA?
Nucleus
What term describes a membrane that lets certain materials cross but blocks others?
Selectively permeable
What process captures light energy to make sugar?
Photosynthesis
What molecule supplies energy directly for many cell activities?
ATP
A cell has a cell wall and ribosomes but no nucleus. Is it a plant cell or a bacterial cell?
Bacterial Cell
According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
Existing Cells
Which organelles build the proteins a cell needs to grow?
Ribososmes
Oxygen spreads from an area with more oxygen to an area with less. What process is this?
Diffusion
What pigment absorbs light energy in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
Which organelles carry out most ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
A cell makes proteins normally, but they pile up without being packaged for delivery. Which organelle is malfunctioning?
Golgi apparatus
A bacterium’s DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus. What type of cell is it?
Prokaryotic
Which organelle sorts and packages materials for delivery?
Golgi apparatus
What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
What two raw materials does a leaf obtain from the air and through its roots for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What two raw materials are used in aerobic cellular respiration?
Glucose & Oxygen
A cell moves particles toward the side of its membrane where those particles are already more concentrated. What must supply the energy?
ATP
A pond organism has a nucleus but is made of only one cell. What type of cell is it?
Eukaryotic
Which organelles digest damaged cell parts so their materials can be reused?
Lysosomes
A cell uses ATP to move a substance from low concentration to high concentration. What type of transport is this?
Active transport
What two substances are produced by photosynthesis?
Glucose & Oxygen
What two substances are released as glucose is broken down during aerobic cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
An aquatic plant receives light, but its cells cannot perform cellular respiration. What energy-rich molecule can photosynthesis still make but cannot directly convert into usable ATP through respiration?
Glucose
A skin cell protects the body, while a red blood cell carries oxygen. What term describes cells suited to particular jobs?
Specialized cells
Name the two organelles involved when a leaf cell captures light energy and then releases usable energy from sugar.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. Which direction will water move overall?
Out of the Cell
Photosynthesis changes light energy into what form of energy stored in glucose?
(Hint: _________________ Energy)
Chemical Energy
What process allows yeast to keep obtaining a small amount of ATP without oxygen?
Fermentation
In a sealed, lighted system, a plant uses a gas released by an animal, and the animal uses a gas released by the plant. Name these gases in that order.
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Oxygen O2