Classifying Rocks
The look and feel of a rock's surface, caused by the rock's grains
What is a rock's texture?
A rock formed when small particles of rock or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
What is a sedimentary rock?
Igneous rock that forms from lava that erupts onto Earth's surface, and cools quickly
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
The two forces that can form metamorphic rocks
What are heat and pressure?
Rock cycle processes such as weathering, erosion, and melting can occur here
What is the Earth's surface?
A natural solid with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition
What is a mineral?
Breaking down of rock by ice, water, tree roots, or chemicals
What is weathering?
Igneous rock that forms from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface
What is an intrusive igneous rock?
Locations where hot mantle material comes close to the surface, providing heat for making metamorphic rocks
What is a hot spot?
Rock cycle processes such as melting, heating, and pressure can occur in this deep location
What is the mantle?
The color of powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed against a hard white plate
What is a mineral's streak?
Transporting sediment with wind, water, ice, or gravity
What is erosion?
An igneous rock with large, visible crystals
What is an intrusive igneous rock?
Heat and pressure abound at the boundaries between these
What are tectonic plates?
An igneous rock that undergoes weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation can become this type of rock
What is a sedimentary rock?
How light is reflected from a mineral's surface
What is a mineral's luster?
A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants or animals
What is an organic sedimentary rock?
An igneous rock with no crystals at all
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
This metamorphic texture can form when crystals are rearranged into bands or layers by heat and pressure
What is foliation?
A sedimentary rock melts, and then cools and solidifies to become this rock
What is an igneous rock?
The tendency for a mineral to break along flat, parallel planes of weak atomic bonding
What is a mineral's cleavage?
A sedimentary rock formed when minerals dissolved in water crystallize
What is a chemical sedimentary rock?
This igneous rock was commonly used to make tools such as arrowheads and knives
What is obsidian?
This metamorphic rock, formed from limestone, is often used to create sculptures
What is marble?
A sedimentary rock melts, cools and solidifies, and then undergoes heat and pressure over time to become this rock
What is a metamorphic rock?