Cells and Life
Why are microscopes important to biology?
It allows scientists to discover and study the structure of cells, which are the foundation of all living things.
What are vacuoles?
Sac-like organelles that act as storage compartments
Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of____________ concentration to ____________concentration
higher, lower
Compare the amounts of ATP generated in cellular respiration and fermentation.
Both cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP. However, since cellular respiration uses oxygen, it generates more ATP than fermentation.
Summarize the role of water in cells.
Water makes up 75% of a cell and helps provide a stable environment inside the cell
Which process removes substances from cells in vesicles?
Exocytosis
Osmosis refers to the movement of ___________ and diffusion refers to the movement of ___________ molecules.
water, any
What is the role of fermentation when baking bread?
Yeast converts food energy into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Carbon dioxide is a gas and makes dough rise.
How do new cells form from existing cells?
They divide
Cholesterol is what type of macromolecule?
Lipid
The process during a cell take in a substance is known as...
endocytosis
TWO PART QUESTION
1. Which type of fermentation makes dough rise?
2. Which type of fermentation is associated with a cheetah chasing its prey?
1. Alcohol fermentation
2. Lactic-Acid fermentation
These have genetic material floating freely un the cytoplasm. They are unicellular and less complex than other cells.
Prokaryotic cells
Compared to animal and plant cells, fungal cells have less in common with which one? WHY?
Plant cells because fungus do not undergo photosynthesis. They acquire their energy by breaking down dead organisms and absorbing nutrients. This is known as decomposition.
The process in which a cell releases its contents is known as...
exocytosis
TWO PART QUESTION
Cellular respiration occurs in the___________, whereas glycolysis occurs in the___________
cytoplasm and mitochondria, cytoplasm
The size and shape of a cell relate to its...
function
This is the green pigment that makes photosynthesis possible.
Chlorophyll
Distinguish between channel proteins and carrier proteins.
Channel proteins form pores in the cell membrane to allow smaller molecules to pass through the membrane. Carrier proteins carry larger molecules through the cell membrane.
What is fermentation and where does it occur?
It is a reaction that occurs in the cytoplasm that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.