Atomic Connections
Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine. Identify the resulting bond.
Ionic Bond
What property describes water molecules attracting other water molecules>
cohesion
what term means all the physical material that makes up the universe
matter
what two types of substances are shown in every complete chemical equation
reactants and products
name the four main groups of organic compounds found in living things
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Two atoms share electrons rather than transferring them. What kind of bond forms
A covalent bond forms
what property describes water attracting a different substance, such as the inside of a plant stem?
adhesion
a substance produces hydrogen ions when placed in water. how is it classified
an acid
on an energy graph, what does the highest point of the curve represent in relation to the starting energy?
the activation energy barrier
which organic compounds provide short term energy and which provide long term energy and insulation
carbohydrates provide short term energy, lipids provide long term energy and insulation
What is the smallest unit of a covalent compound called?
a molecule
why do lipids usually separate from water instead of dissolving in it?
lipids are nonpolar, while water is polar
a substance produces hydroxide ions when placed in water, how it is classified
a base
how can you determine whether a reaction is exothermic by examining its energy graph?
the products end with less energy than the reactants, showing that energy was released
what substance is released when two amino acids join, and what bond forms between them?
water is released, and a peptide bond forms
give three characteristics of carbon that allow it to form many different molecules needed by living things
1. carbon can form four bonds
2. it can bond with itself
3. form chains, branches or rings
identify the solute and solvent when salt dissolves in water, and explain the role of each
salt is the solute, water is the solvent
water separates and surrounds that salt particles
why does an increase in temperature indicate that the particles of a substance are moving differently
greater the temp = more kinetic energy
two exothermic reactions begin with the same energy, reaction A ends much lower than reaction B, which reaction releases more energy and why
reaction A because it has a greater difference between the reactants' and products' energy levels
match each substance to its organic compound group: glucose, fat, enzyme and DNA
glucose-carbohydrate
fat-lipid
enzyme-protein
DNA-nucelic acid
Nitrous Oxide has the formula N2O, explain why it is a compound but not an organic compound
it is a compound because nitrogen and oxygen are chemically combined, it is not organic because it contains no carbon
explain how water's polarity, cohesion, adhesion, and ability to dissolve substances make it important to living things
polarity makes water a good solvent, cohesion holds water molecules together, and adhesion helps water stick to other materials. These properties help transport dissolved substances through organisms and plants
a tiny particle moves randomly in water even though it cannot move by itself, name the process and explain its cause
brownian motion, collisions with surrounding water molecules cause the random movement
describe how you would identify all three of the following on reaction graphs: the greatest activation energy, the lowest energy reactants, and the reaction releasing the least energy
find the greatest rise from the reactants to the peak, find the graph with the lowest starting level and find the exothermic graph with the smallest drop from reactants to products
how do you go from amino acids to proteins? list all the steps (6)
1. amino acids join
2. water released
3. peptide bond forms
4. many amino acids form a polypeptide
5. the chain unfolds into a 3D shape
6. becomes a functional protein