Permanent Wave Processing
The strength of any permanent wave is based on the concentration of its...
Reducing agent
Equal in diameter along their entire length
Straight rods
The position of the rod in relation to its base section
Base placement
Wrapped in overlapping concentric layers
Croquignole
Sodium hydroxide relaxers
Lye-based relaxers
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within...
The first 5 to 10 minutes
Soft bender rods are usually about _____ inches long
12
Hair is wrapped 45-degrees beyond perpendicular
On-base
Uses pie-shaped base sections
Curvature permanent wrap
Uses sulfites and bisulfites
Low-pH Relaxers
Curlier at the scalp and straight at the ends
Overprocessed hair
Uses one paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope
Bookend wrap
Off-base
Uses zigzag partings
Weave technique
Lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, guanidine hydroxide
No-lye relaxers
The first function of permanent waving neutralization
Deactivation of any waving lotion that remains in the hair
Uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the strand of hair
Single flat wrap
Hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees
Half off-base
Piggyback wrap
Double-rod wrap
Caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide
The second function of permanent waving neutralization
To rebuild disulfide bonds
Create curl that is tightest in the center
Concave rods
The angle at which the rod is positioned on the head
Base direction
Straight set wrap
Basic permanent wrap
Hydroxide relaxers have a pH over
13