Woody Stems
Plants with woody stems experience these two types of growth.
Primary and Secondary growth.
Meristem that produces cork cells.
Cork cambium
Secondary xylem is commonly called...
Wood
Tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals.
Xylem
Epidermal structures responsible for gas exchange.
Stomata
Secondary growth increases this characteristic of a plant.
Girth (width)
Waterproof substance found in cork cell walls.
Suberin
Wide, thin-walled xylem formed in spring.
Spring Wood
Tissue responsible for transporting sucrose.
Phloem
Tissue that fills most of a plant's interior.
Ground tissue.
Ring of dividing tissue located between bark and wood.
Vascular cambium
Openings that allow gas exchange through bark.
Lenticels
Thick-walled xylem produced during summer.
Summer wood
Three vegetative organs of a flowering plant.
Roots, stems, and leaves
The tissue system that forms the plant's outer covering.
Epidermal tissue
Why is removing a ring of bark from a tree often fatal?
It removes the phloem, preventing sugar transport to the roots.
Four structures that make up bark.
Cork, cork cambium, cortex, and phloem
Scientist who studies annual rings.
Dendrochronologist
Where is the apical meristem found in the shoot?
Terminal bud
Where is the apical meristem found in the root?
Root tip.
Explain how woody stems become thicker each year.
Vascular cambium produces new secondary xylem (wood) to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside, increasing stem diameter each year.
Why are cork cells dead at maturity?
Their walls become filled with suberin, making them waterproof and causing the cells to die.
Explain how annual rings are formed.
Each growing season produces spring wood followed by summer wood. Together they form one annual ring.
Compare herbaceous and woody stems.
Herbaceous stems undergo only primary growth; woody stems undergo both primary and secondary growth, producing wood and bark.
Name all three plant tissue systems and one function of each.
Epidermal—protection;
Ground—photosynthesis, storage, support;
Vascular—transport of water, minerals, and sugars.