Cardiovascular Basics
This term refers to the average pressure driving blood into tissues during the cardiac cycle.
What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
This type of shock occurs due to severe blood loss.
What is hypovolemic shock?
This catecholamine is first-line for septic shock and acts on alpha receptors.
What is norepinephrine?
This synthetic catecholamine treats short-term heart failure by increasing contractility.
What is dobutamine?
This class blocks fast sodium channels and repolarizing potassium currents.
What is Class IA?
This equation summarizes MAP in terms of HR, SV, and SVR.
What is MAP = HR × SV × SVR?
This shock type is caused by widespread infection.
What is septic shock?
This vasopressor is a pure alpha agonist and can cause reflex bradycardia.
What is phenylephrine?
These agents inhibit intracellular phosphodiesterase to improve contractility.
What are phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
This drug terminates supraventricular tachycardia and has a 12-second half-life.
What is adenosine?
This catheter is used to monitor patient response to vasoactive therapy and determine hypotension causes.
What is a pulmonary artery catheter?
This shock results from heart pump failure.
What is cardiogenic shock?
This hormone-based vasopressor is used when other agents fail in septic shock.
What is vasopressin?
This cardiac glycoside inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase pump.
What is digoxin?
This Class III drug is effective for ventricular arrhythmias but may cause pulmonary toxicity.
What is amiodarone?
Name two components that determine cardiac output.
What are heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)?
This shock occurs due to spinal cord injury disrupting sympathetic tone.
What is neurogenic shock?
This oral prodrug helps wean patients off IV vasopressors.
What is midodrine?
Name two adverse effects of dobutamine therapy.
What are tachycardia and hypotension?
This mnemonic lists drugs that can be given via endotracheal tube during cardiac arrest.
What is NAVEL (Naloxone, Atropine, Vasopressin, Epinephrine, Lidocaine)?
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Name two other types of shock besides those listed above.
What are hemorrhagic and distributive shock?
This newly approved vasoconstrictor increases BP in distributive shock.
What is angiotensin II (Giapreza)?
This phosphodiesterase inhibitor has a shorter half-life and requires renal dose adjustment.
What is milrinone?
This electrolyte therapy is used for torsades de pointes.
What is magnesium sulfate?