Hardy-Weinberg
A population that is NOT evolving
What is microevolution?
The change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.
What are the three major mechanisms of evolution?
Natural selection, Genetic drift, Genetic Flow
What will stop frequencies of alleles from being constant?
Mutations, Sexual selection, Natural selection, Genetic drift, Immigration
What is the only source of new genes and alleles?
Mutation
What is an example of natural selection?
Peppered Moth
What is the equation of Hardy-Weinberg?
p2+2pq+q2=1
p+q=1
What type of reproduction do prokaryotes do to pass on mutations? Eukaryotes?
Fast reproduction and Sexual reproduction
What are the two types of genetic drift?
Founder effect and Bottleneck effect
Rabbit’s ears can be either short or floppy, where short ears are dominant over floppy ears. There are 653 individuals in a population. 104 rabbits have floppy ears and 549 have short ears. Find: the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles and the frequency of individuals with dominant, heterozygous, and recessive genotypes.
p=0.6 q=0.4 p2=0.36 2pq=0.48 q2=0.16
What are some examples of shuffling alleles?
Crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilization
What are the three ways natural selection can occur?
Directional, Disruptive, Stabilizing
The next generation of rabbits has 560 individuals with short ears and 840 individuals with floppy ears. Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Solve for p and q.
p=0.23 q=0.77
No, the population is not in a state of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
What is an example of heterozygote advantage?
Heterozygotes for sickle cell anemia protected against malaria