Systematics
This system, developed by Carl Linnaeus, is used to classify organisms based on shared characteristics.
What is the Linnaean system of classification?
In a hierarchal classification, there are nine levels of these to describe specific organisms.
What is taxon or taxa?
In cladistics, this term refers to a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships based on common traits.
What is a cladogram?
Cladogenesis results in this, where two or more lineages arise from a single ancestral species.
What is branching evolution?
In anagenesis, this type of change is gradual and results in a species gradually evolving into a new species over time.
What is gradualism?
This is the first part of an organism's binomial name.
What is genus?
This diagram is used in systematics to represent evolutionary relationships among species based on shared common ancestors.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
This type of character is shared by two or more different taxon and inherited from a common ancestor older than their last common ancestor
What is a shared ancestral character?
This is a key feature of cladogenesis, where genetic differences accumulate between the new lineages over time.
What is divergence?
This phenomenon, in which one species transforms into another over time, is considered a form of anagenesis.
What is linear evolution?
The classification rank immediately below "kingdom" and above "class" is called this.
What is a phylum?
This concept in systematics refers to groups of organisms that share a common ancestor and are classified together.
What is a clade?
A phylogenetic tree represents this in regards to the evolutionary history and relatedness of organisms
What is a hypothesis?
Two separate species that share an immediate common ancestor or otherwise closely related.
What are sister taxa?
Anagenesis leads to the formation of a new species, but unlike cladogenesis, it does not result in this.
What is branching?
This term refers to the process of arranging organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
What is classification?
All of life belong to one of these three domains.
What are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya?
This type of clade does not include all descendants of a common ancestor.
What is a paraphyletic group?
The organisms depicted on a phylogenetic tree that are extant (still living)
What are terminal taxa?
Anagenesis and cladogenesis are modes of this.
What is speciation
This term refers to the phenomenon where two unrelated species evolve similar traits, often as a result of adapting to similar environments, despite not sharing a common ancestor.
What is convergent evolution?
This method uses both molecular and morphological data to classify organisms and build evolutionary relationships.
What is molecular systematics?
This type of grouping on a phylogenetic tree depicts descendants but not all common ancestors
What is a polyphyletic clade (group)?
A node represents this on phylogenetic tree
What is speciation or a speciation event
Tiktalik is an example of this that marked organisms living in the oceans to moving onto land.
What is a transitional form?