Key Terms
What is an organ that produces and secretes chemicals called hormones?
Gland
What is a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in children, resulting in excessive stature and body size?
Gigantism
What is an autoimmune disorder that often causes hyperthyroidism; rapid heart rate, palpitations, dizziness, tremors, weight loss, and bulging eyes are common signs and symptoms?
Graves’ disease
What is a condition caused by levels of parathyroid hormone that are too low; results in low calcium levels in the blood?
Hypoparathyroidism
What is a type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
What is a chemical substance created by the body that controls a body function?
Hormone
What is a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in adults, resulting in accelerated growth in the face and extremities?
Acromegaly
What is a condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing the body processes to slow down and resulting in fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and intolerance to cold?
Hypothyroidism
What is a condition in which the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or does not properly use insulin; also called diabetes mellitus.?
Diabetes
What is nerve damage that causes tingling or numbness in the hands or feet?
Peripheral neuropathy
What is a gland that secretes key hormones that stimulate the rest of the body’s endocrine glands to produce hormones?
Pituitary gland
What is a condition that occurs when the pituitary gland does not secrete enough antidiuretic hormone to maintain homeostasis?
Diabetes insipidus
What is an autoimmune disorder that often causes hypothyroidism; more common in women, especially in middle age.?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What is a type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no insulin or too little insulin; is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and will continue throughout a person’s life.?
Type 1 diabetes
What is a condition in which the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough corticosteroid hormones, resulting in fatigue, lack of energy, low blood pressure, loss of appetite, and weight loss; also known as adrenal insufficiency?
Addison’s disease
What is a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system?
Endocrinologist
What is a condition that occurs when too much ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland.?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
What is a form of hypothyroidism that affects infants and children, most commonly due to iodine deficiency during pregnancy; can stunt growth and development and cause intellectual deficits?
Congenital hypothyroidism
What is a common form of diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin; typically develops after age 35 and is the milder form of diabetes.?
Type 2 diabetes
What is a condition in which the adrenal cortex secretes too many hormones; can cause weight gain, especially in the stomach and upper back, a rounded face (often called moon face), high blood pressure, weakness, and fatigue?
Cushing disease
What is a condition that causes a failure to grow at a normal rate; often caused by undersecretion of growth hormone?
Dwarfism
What is a condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up, resulting in rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness.?
Hyperthyroidism
What is a condition in which too much parathyroid hormone is secreted, resulting in the removal of calcium from the bones and too much calcium in the blood?
Hyperparathyroidism
What is a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?
Prediabetes