-Important Peeps-
-Mexican Revolution and its Impact-
-Political/Economic structures in Latin America-
-Tensions Among Caribbean and Central American Nations-
-Causes/Effects of Unrest in Latin America-
100
Who served as the president of Mexico for four years, carried out reforms promised by the constitution, and made Mexico a "one-party democracy?"
Lazaro Cardenas
100
What two events, one in 1920 and one in 1940, mark as endpoints for the Mexican Revolution by different historians?
Obregon's election and Cardenas's reforms
100
Although new Latin American nations adopted constitutions that promised representative government and equality, in practice, most nations became ______
Oligarchies
100
What was the only country in Central America that avoided a dictatorship and established a stable democracy?
Costa Rica
100
How did dictators and caudillos bring political instability?
They usually did not have the support of most people, and seized power through force.
200
Who became president in Mexico's first fair election and was committed to social reform, but was assassinated in 1928?
Alvaro Obregon
200
How did Diaz defend his rule?
By saying that he was modernizing Mexico to prepare it for Democracy
200
In most Latin American countries, which two groups struggled for power?
Liberals and conservatives
200
What was the result of liberal dictator Zelaya trying to compete with the Panama Canal?
The United States sent marines to Nicaragua to help conservatives overthrow him and helped keep several conservative presidents in power.
200
Name two reforms the Constitution of 1917 called for.
Possible answers: The seizure and redistribution of wealthy landowners, set minimum wages and maximum hours for workers, created government-sponsored retirement, life, health, and unemployment insurance programs, gave workers the right to strike and form unions, provided mexicans with free public school education and granted them freedom of religion, and nationalized all the country's mineral and oil resources.
300
Who became president of Mexico with the support of the US and wrote a new constitution, but was overtaken when he failed to carry out the reforms he had called for?
Venustiano Carranza
300
What 2 main reasons caused the middle and lower class to question Porfirio Diaz's presidency?
1- Diaz paid little attention to the constitution. 2- The wealth the country got was given to the upper class or outside the country
300
In the 1800s, what were Latin American economies based on?
The export of agricultural products and other raw materials
300
What divided Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador and what was the result?
Clashes between liberals and conservatives divided the nations, and all experienced violent dictatorships during the first half of the 20th century.
300
How did industrial workers react after Madero refused to return lands that wealthy landowners had seized from indians and made democratic reforms?
They took advantage of their new democratic freedoms by forming unions and going on strike.
400
Who used his wealth to overthrow Porfirio Diaz and declare himself president of Mexico, but lost support of the people and was forced to resign?
Francisco Madero
400
Why was the (NRP) National Revolutionary Party formed, and what is it called today?
It was a political party formed to help elect the next president, it is called the PRI today
400
What were 2 results of the growth of manufacturing in Latin America?
Workers left the countryside for factory jobs and urban population grew. A middle class emerged and immigrants came from Europe.
400
What caused instability in The Dominican Republic and Haiti throughout most of the 19th century?
Haiti ruled the Dominican Republic until 1844 when they were driven out. The Dominican Republic had a series of caudillos who opposed democracy and Haiti had many rulers that were overthrow or killed within a short period of time.
400
How did the Great Depression cause unrest in Latin America?
Prices for the region's major exports fell and many elites lost wealth and power. Unemployment led to instability and stalled progress towards democracy.
500
Who ruled Mexico oppressively for 30 years until being overthrown by Francisco Madero's army?
General Porfirio Diaz
500
Who increased the peasants power in the PRI and gave gov. benefits to groups in return for their support during post-revolutionary Mexico?
Lazaro Cardenas
500
What are the different beliefs of liberals and conservatives during the 1800s?
Conservatives worked to preserve the old colonial culture and generally opposed modernization and economic development. Liberals claimed to support the ideas of rights and freedoms for all people, but also believed that the common people were not ready to exercise most freedoms.
500
Why did the Mexican revolution have little effect on most of Central America and the Caribbean?
Most Caribbean territories were in European possession and their economies were based on exports. Foreign investment was necessary for economic growth.
500
What are 2 examples of how calls for reform in Latin America resulted in military intervention?
Urban and labor unrest in Ecuador caused the army to overthrow the government. In Bolivia, war with Paraguay delayed reform and the war was followed by military coup, dictatorship, and little change.
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