People
Who were the authors of the Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Charles Darwin wrote what book after observing animals in the south pacific and comparing them to animals on the mainland?
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
What was the nickname for the mass imperialism and colonization of Africa by European powers?
Scramble for Africa
What three wars did Otto Von Bismarck enact in his quest to gain German Unification?
The Danish War, The Austro-Prussian War, and The Franco-Prussian War
What did Bismarck illustrate as the two major forces of change in the early 19th century?
Liberalism and Nationalism
Name an impressionist artist.
Camille Pissarro, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edoard Manet
The Realism movement was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that combated what previous movement?
Romantic movement
How do Darwin’s thoughts of natural selection impact societies and imperialism?
Social Darwinism, racism, white man’s burden, in the struggle between nations the strongest and best fit will survive and conquer the weaker nations, Superior races must dominate inferior races through military force.
What did Alexander II identify as the key problem in Russia’s attempt towards unification and modernization?
Serfdom
What style is Starry Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh?
Post Impressionist
The Red Shirts were lead by who?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
What were 4 Characteristics of the “New Women”?
Suffragist, professional women, unwed mother, renounce traditional feminine roles, educated, protesters, writers, medical work.
What 2 factors lead to Economic Imperialism?
The great demand for natural resources and products not found in Western Europe, European investors wanted direct control of the areas where raw materials were found, large surpluses of capital encouraged higher rates of profit in underdeveloped areas.
what 3 actions did Napoleon III take to help reconstruct and unify France?
Universal Male Suffrage, Napoleon control of legislation and war declaration, construct railroads, harbors, roads, canals, hospitals, medicine, and better housing. He also reconstructed the city of Paris to become a better military city as well as an aesthetically pleasing city
Who did Otto Von Bismarck establish alliances with to create the Three Emperors League?
Traditionally conservative powers: Austria-Hungary and Russia
Who was the king of Prussia as well as the first German Emperor?
King William I
What is Revolutionary Socialism?
Combination of Bergson’s and Nietzsche's ideas on the limits of rational thinking that calls for nonrational and violent action as the only ways to achieve socialism. The destruction of capitalist society where a small elite ruling body would take leadership due to the inability of the masses being able to rule themselves.
What was the Boxer Rebellion? What was it in response to and what were the consequences?
It was a response to western imperialism in China where “Boxers” (Chinese people who wanted to push all foreigners out of china that belonged to the society of harmonious fists) murdered foreign missionaries, Chinese who converted to Christianity, railroad workers, and foreign businessmen. This lead to an allied army of British, French, German, Russian, American, and Japanese troops attacking Beijing to restore order to the Chinese Government. This included getting rid of all government officials that supported the Boxers. The Government became so weak that in 1912 it was overthrown and the new Republic of China took over.
What was the ultimate push that leads to the unification of Italy?
Austro-Prussian war drove out the Austrians and the Franco-Prussian War which drove out the French. The Italian army then took over these cities and territory and created a completely unified Italy with Rome as its capital.
What was the Zionist movement and what sparked it?
The Zionist movement was the migration of Jews to Palestine in the hopes of creating their own nationality that was protected by public law. It was sparked by anti-semitic views of central and eastern Europe which began to prosecute Jews.
These women’s strict sanitation conditions helped save many British and American lives during the Crimean War and the American Revolutionary War and made nursing a respectable profession for trained middle class women.
Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton
According to Freud what were the three inner forces constantly battling and describe them?
Id - Contains humans most animalistic and primal urges that focus on pleasure and impulses.
Ego - Seat of reason that kept the id in check and allows for the primal urges to be suppressed enough to live civilized.
Superego - Where the conscious is and where inner morals imposed on people live as a means to guide the ego in suppressing the id.
Why did Britain and France involve themselves in the Crimean war?
Britain: Feared an aggressive Russia would profit off taking land from the declining Ottoman empire which would cause Russia to become the major power in eastern Europe. Russia would control the eastern Mediterranean and have the opportunity to build up their navy and challenge Britain's Navy.
France: Felt insulted by Russia at the Congress of Vienna and they saw as Russians take over of the Ottoman Empire would replace France as the protectors of the Christians living in the Ottoman Empire and Russian influence there. Napoleon also saw it as an opportunity for France to become the main arbiter in Europe.
What were two liberal policies that William Gladstone created to help strengthen Britain?
Open civil service positions to competitive exams rather than patronage, Introduce the secret ballot for voting, Abolish the practice of purchasing military commissions, and the Education act 1870
This person threw themselves in front of the king’s horse at the Epsom Derby as a radical protest for women's suffrage.
Emily Davison