Nervous System
Basic working unit of the nervous sytem
Neuron
Headaches
primary: headaches that are NOT caused by an underlying condition
secondary: headaches that ARE caused by an underlying condition (ex: aneurysm, tumor)
Injury that occurs from a banging movement of the brain against the skull
concussion
ability to think clearly and logically
cognition
Type of therapy which allows residents/patients to believe they live in the past or in imaginary circumstances
Validation Therapy
Two main parts of the Nervous System
Triggers of migraine headaches
stress
lack of sleep
eye strain
certain environmental factors
certain foods/beverages (chocolate, alcohol, caffeine)
1. Loss of function of the lower body and legs
2. Loss of function of the arms, trunk, and legs
3. the hgiher the injury (on the spinal cord), the _____ the loss of function
1. paraplegia
2. quadriplegia
3. greater
General term that refers to a more serious loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating; NOT a normal part of aging
Dementia
Involves encouraging residents/patients to remember and talk about past experiences
Reminiscence therapy
brain & spinal cord
Two types of Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) and what differentiates them. Bonus - NA considerations for caring for patients who have experienced a cva
Ischemic stroke - blood supply is blocked (most common type of stroke)
Hemorrhagic stroke - leaking or rupture of blood vessel inside the brain
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - brain loses a portion of blood supply; sudden, resolves quickly
Bonus - assist with ambulation to prevent falls, mindful of defecits, place food on stronger side of mouth when feeding, encourage independence, go at that patient's pace
Involuntary muscle contractions that can involve a small area of the body or the entire body.
Bonus: when they recur frequently
seizures ; epilepsy (electrical signals within the brain are generated that cause these seizures)
The most common form of dementia
Alzheimer's Disease
Method of treating mental health disorders that involves talking about one's problems with mental health professionals
psychotherapy
Two main parts of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Progressive disorder that causes a part of the brain to degenerate
Bonus: signs & symptoms
Parkinson's Disease
(progressive meaning disease gets worse with time)
Bonus: mask-like face, pill rolling, shuffling gait, tremors
types of vision impairment
1. nearsightedness (myopia) - see objects that are ____ more clearly
2. farsightedness (hyperopia) - see objects that are ____ more clearly
3. Presbyopia - age-related condition in which eyes cannot focus clearly on objects that are near and close-up vision becomes blurry
4. cataract - develops when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy (first symptom - blurry vision)
5. Glaucoma - leading cause of blindness in the US; pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) increases and causes damage to optic nerve
6. Age related macular degeneration - part of the retina that allows people to see detail - the macula - degenerates and central vision gradually destroyed
How many stages of Alzheimer's disease and what are they?
3 - mild (early), moderate (middle), severe (late)
(be familiar with signs and symptoms differentiating the phases)
type of psychotherapy often used to treat anxiety disorders and depression; usually short-term and focuses on skills and solutions that a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Two main parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Bonus: which is responsible for fight or flight?
Parasympathetic nervous system & Sympathetic nervous system; sympathetic is fight or flight
Progressive nervous system disorder that affects the way impulses are transmitted to and from the brain.
1. infection in the middle ear with symptoms such as pain, pressure, fever, and reduced ability to hear & how is it treated?
2. disorder of the inner ear caused by a buildup of fluid with symptoms such as vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and pain/pressure & treatment?
1. Otitis media - antibiotics
2. Meniere's Disease - medications, salt restrictions, dietary changes, cognitive therapy, antibiotic/corticosteroid injections, surgery (extreme cases)
Term for when a resident with AD becomes restless and agitated in the late afternoon
Sundowning
A patient becomes verbally abusive and uses inappropriate language, what do you do?
Do not take it personally, try to redirect; be sure to report patient's changes in mood or concerns safety