Carbon
What is a compound?
Substance with two or more elements that is always the same.
What are the four macromolecules essential to life?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
In chemical reactions, what is used to break bonds and released for new bonds to form?
Energy
What does a catalyst do to activation energy?
Decrease the activation energy
What is a buffer?
Why is Carbon so important to life?
The reason Carbon can form stable bonds is due to the four electrons on its outer shell.
Chitin is used by animals like bugs to form an exoskeleton, what macromolecule makes up Chitin?
Carbohydrates
Chemical reactions have reactants _____ and products _____.
reactants change
products form
What type of macromolecules are enzymes?
Proteins
Acids ______ hydrogen ions in a solution, bases ______ hydrogen ions in a solution
releases, removes
What is a monomer?
A base/smallest unit for a molecule
The plasma membrane has hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic tails of fatty acids, which macromolecule makes up this organelle?
Lipids
CO2+H2O -><- H2CO3
This reaction is in what?
Equillibrium
Disruption in homeostasis stop enzymes from working but what two factors would interfere with enzymes working?
Temperature and pH
What are the three functions of a protein?
Structure, transport and controlling rate of reaction.
Define an organic compound
Make up cells and other live giving structures of organisms
What are the four structures of protein, and what does at least one of them do?
Primary - amino acid sequence
Secondary - folding/coiling of the polypeptide chain
Tertiary - 3D arrangement of polypeptide chain
Quarternary - multiple polypeptide chain folded into each other.
Iron rusting is what type of chemical reaction?
Exothermic
Why are enzymes important?
To help speed up the rate of biological processes!
Mr. Harper's cat, Shadow, when eating cat food (or whatever Black Garfield can get his paws on) drools while eating the food. Saliva is an important enzyme but what process does it speed up?
Digestion
Can carbon be substituted with another element for organic compounds?
No, because the bonds would not be as stable.
Which macromolecules is Nitrogen found in?
proteins and nucleic acids
What is the key difference in endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Endo absorbs more energy, Exo releases more energy
Reactants for Endo have less bond energy, Exo has more bond energy.
Why is an active site important for enzymes?
So substrates can properly bind to the enzyme, if the active site does not match - the enzyme will not work.
What are the two macromolecules that can be used for energy storage
Carbs and Lipids