Structures and Functions of the Respiratory System
Parts of the Respiratory system
Parts and Function of the Lungs
Parts and Function of the Lungs part 2
Parts and Function of the Lungs part 3
100
Pulmonary Ventilation:
breathing, Air is moved in/out of lungs,inspiration & expiration
External Respiration:
O2 from lungs diffuses into blood; CO2 in blood diffuses into lungs
Transport of Respiratory Gases:
O2 travels from lungs; CO2 travels to lungs
Internal Respiration:
O2 from blood into cells; CO2 from cells into blood
What are the types of respiration the body uses?
100
Divided by midline nasal septum
hard palate palatine bone muscular soft palate
Most of the cavity is lined with respiratory mucosa
Nasal conchae – 3 scroll-shaped projections from each lateral wall
What is the nasal cavity?
100
Trachea branches at T5 into a right primary bronchus which enters the right lung and a left primary bronchus which enters the left lung
What is the Bronchi?
100
Occupy everything in the thoracic cavity. Cone-shaped, attached by bronchial root
What are the 3 processes that are required for respiration to work?
200
throat
Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx & esophagus
5 inches long, base of skull to C6 vertebra
What is the Pharynx?
200
Cartilage rings become irregular cartilage plates, none at the bronchioles
Epithelium changes few cilia or mucosal producing cells
Relative amount of smooth muscle increase as passageway size decreases
What is the bronchial tree?
200
Right lung:10 segments
Left lung: 8 to 10 segments
What are the segments of the lungs?
200
Parietal:covers thoracic walls & superior diaphragm
Visceral:covers external surface of lungs
What are the two parts of the Plurae?
300
Upper respiratory system
Lower respiratory system
What are the structures of the respiratory system?
300
Nasopharynx – air only
Oropharynx – air & swallowed food
Laryngopharynx – protective epithelium, posterior to larynx
What is three parts of the Pharynx?
300
Surrounded by fine elastic fibers; same as the rest of the bronchial tree
Open alveolar pores between adjacent alveoli
Equalize pressure
Alternate airflow in case of damage/disease
What is the aveloi?
300
Blood enters the lungs via the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary circulation) and the bronchial arteries (systemic circulation)
What is the blood supply of the Lungs?
300
Collection of sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves and some visceral sensory nerves
control dilation of airways
What is Innervation?
400
The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx
The lower respiratory system consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
What are the bones of the respiratory system?
400
2 inches long C3 to C6, Superior attachment to hyoid bone, inferiorly continuous with trachea
Provide a open airway
Switching mechanism for food vs. air into appropriate channels
Voice production
What is the larynx?
400
Type 1 :single layer of squamous epithelial cells,they form the walls of alveoli, surrounded by a thin basement membrane
Type 2: secrete surfactant which covers gas-exposed surfaces
What are the aveolar cells?
400
Left lung: 2 lobes-oblique fissure; cardiac notch
Right lung:3 lobes-oblique & horizontal fissures
What are the lobes of the lungs?
400
The external portion of the nose is made of cartilage and skin and is lined with mucous membrane to help aid in inhalation purification.
What makes up the nose?
500
Conducting zone
Respiratory zone
What are the zones referring to the respiratory system?
500
Descends from larynx until it splits mid-thorax into 2 main bronchi
Cartilage rings to keep soft, flexible structure open towards open posteriorly to give esophagus expansion room
What is the trachea?
500
A layer of type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells and associated alveolar macrophages that constitutes the alveolar wall
An epithelial basement membrane underlying the alveolar wall
What is the respiratory membrane?
500
Vasoconstriction is the response to hypoxia which diverts blood from poorly ventilated areas to well ventilated areas
What is Ventilation?
500
The larynx contains vocal folds, which produce sound when they vibrate. Pressure determines loudness of speech