War In Europe
America's Road to War
Americans Join the Allies
The War at Home
Searching for Peace
100
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
He was the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His assassination in Bosnia destroyed the balance of European stability and eventually led to war.
100
Who sank the Lusitania? Why?
A German U-boat (submarine) torpedoed the liner off the coast of Ireland, killing 128 U.S. citizens. Germany thought the liner was carrying war materials.
100
How did the United States ensure that needed supplies reach Great Britain?
The U.S. Navy took two steps: It helped the British find and destroy German submarines, and it set up convoys (teams of navy destroyers that escorted groups of merchant ships across the Atlantic. With the convoy system NOT ONE American soldier bound for Europe was lost to submarine attack.
100
Why did American begin mobilization?
Mobilization is the gathering of resources and preparation for war. Americans had to immediately focus attention on getting ready for war. The war affected almost every part of American life.
100
How did President Wilson vision lasting peace?
President Wilson outlined his peace plan in a proposal known as the Fourteen Points. These points reflected Wilson's belief in 'national self-determination' - the right of the people to decide how they should be governed. President Wilson desired free trade, freedom of seas, end to secret treaties or agreements, reductions and limits on arms, and the peaceful settlement of disputes over colonies.
200
Differentiate between nationalism and militarism.
Nationalism is a feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group; militarism is when one nation increased its military strength, its rivals felt threatened and built up their own military in response.
200
Describe the Zimmermann Note.
The Zimmermann Note was a secret telegram - intercepted by the British government - sent by Arthur Zimmermann to Mexico with an offer to the Mexican government: "We shall make war together and together make peace... And it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona."
200
Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?
The Bolsheviks, a group of communists, overthrew the democratic Russian government. The signing of the treaty took Russia out of the war and gave Germany Poland and the Ukraine. Russians withdrawal from the war allowed Germans to move hundreds of thousands of troops from the Eastern front - line of battle - to the Western Front in France.
200
How did the establishment of the National War Labor Board impact workers?
The National War Labor Board pressured businesses to grant some of the workers' pressing demands. Workers won an eight hour working day extra pay for overtime, equal pay for women, and the right to form unions.
200
Describe President Wilson's final point in his Fourteen Points.
President Wilson created the League of Nations to help league member nations preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect one another's territory and political independence. It reflected his strong faith in the ability of governments to resolve their problems fairly.
300
Who were the Allied Powers? Who were the Central Powers?
The Allied Powers were Great Britain, France, and Russia. The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire.
300
Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?
The Selective Service Act established a military draft. Men aged 21 to 30 registered by the millions to help Americans in the war.
300
Why did the German government appeal to President Wilson for an armistice?
An armistice is an agreement to end the fighting. The German military leaders realized they had little chance of winning the war and suffered from severe shortages of food and other essential supplies.
300
How did the Food Administration Agency influence Americans?
The agency urged people to observe "Wheatless Monday", "Meatless Tuesdays', and 'Porkless Thursdays' and to add to their own store of food by planting 'victory gardens'. It also encourage rationing - limitation of use.
300
How did the terms of the Treaty of Versailles impact Germany?
The treaty demanded that Germany make large reparations, or payments, for the damage Germans caused in the war. Germany had to disarm completely and give up all its overseas colonies and some territory in Europe.
400
Describe the Battle of the Marne.
The Battle of the Marne was fought between September 5 and 12, 1914. It saved Paris from invasion by the Germans and boosted French morale. It also let both sides know that neither was capable of winning the war quickly or easily.
400
Who stood before Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Germany?
President Woodrow Wilson decided the United States could no longer remain neutral.
400
Who led the American Expeditionary Force?
General John J. Pershing led the American troops in Europe.
400
How did the federal government mobilize public support for the war?
President Wilson formed the Committee on Public Information to persuade Americans that the war represented a battle for democracy and freedom. The committee distributed millions of pro-war pamphlets, posters, articles, and books. It was the greatest propaganda campaign the nation had ever seen.
400
Why was the treaty rejected?
The treaty was opposed by most Republicans and deserted by former supporters.
500
Describe the Battle of Verdun.
The Battle of Verdun began in February 1916 and lasted until December 1916, located in northeastern France, was one of the longest and bloodies battles of the war. In the beginning, the Germans made small gains, but these were lost after the French counterattacked. More than 750,000 French and German soldiers lost their lives.
500
Describe the Sussex Pledge.
The Sussex Pledge was Germany's offer to compensate Americans injured on the Sussex (unarmed French passenger ship which German U-boat torpedoed) and promised to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels before attacking.
500
Describe the Battle of the Argonne Forest.
The Battle of the Argonne Forest raged for nearly seven weeks. The Allies finally pushed the Germans back and broke through the enemy lines. The Germans now were faced with an invasion of their own country.
500
How did the government control public opinion?
The Espionage Act that Congress passed in 1917 gave stiff penalties for espionage, or spying, as well as for aiding the enemy or interfering with army recruiting. The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act made it a crime to say, print, or write almost anything perceived as negative about the war.
500
How did Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts feel about membership in the League of Nations?
Henry Cabot Lodge claimed that membership in the League would mean that "American troops and American ships may be ordered to any part of the world by nations other than the United States, and that is a proposition to which I, for one, can never assent."
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