Nervous System
What is the structure of neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal
Signal travels from dendrites through to the axon terminal
Which part of the brain is responsible for decision making?
The frontal lobe
Which photoreceptors allow us to perceive colors?
Cones
How are endocrine glands different from other organs and tissues we have studied so far?
They lack distinct ducts, hormones are released directly into the bloodstream
What do our olfactory receptors detect?
Smell
What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS?
Central nervous system = spinal column + brain
Peripheral nervous system = sensory and motor neurons throughout the rest of the body
What is the purpose of the hypothalamus?
Connection between nervous and endocrine systems, regulates many of our involuntary actions such as body temperature and fluid balance
The auricles direct sound into our ear canal towards the tympanic membrane, where the delicate bones of the inner ear are vibrated to translate and amplify the sound to our cochlea. Hair cells are moved and bent, which our temporal lobe interprets as sound
Describe the difference between the action of a steroid and non steroid hormone
Steroid hormones: enter cells and act on gene expression within the nucleus
Non steroid: Bind to receptors on target cells and create a higher level response relying on secondary messengers
If your digestion is slowed down and your respiration is rapidly increased, are you more likely to be using the sympathetic, or the parasympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system
What happens in a reflex arc?
Sensory neuron sends an impulse to the interneuron, which short circuits directly to the motor neuron to cause your muscles to respond
If a person had an injury to their cerebellum, what might their symptoms look like?
Movements that are jerky and difficult to control
What are the 3 bones of the inner ear?
The malleus, incus and stapes
Insulin and glucagon both act on blood sugar levels. Which hormone causes blood sugar to INCREASE?
Glucagon
What is the name of the region of the pancreas that produces insulin and glucagon?
islets of Langerhans
In an action potential, ion channels open allowing for the rapid influx of sodium ions
This influx will continue to open channels until the action potential has reached the end of the axon
The parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes are largely responsible for interpreting our senses. Which senses does each interpret?
Parietal - pain, pressure, touch
Occipital - vision
Temporal - hearing and smell
How do our eyes dynamically focus on near and far objects?
Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments modify the shape of the lens of our eyes. They pull the lens flat to focus on further objects, and relax to allow the lens to become more convex to focus on closer objects
Which hormones do the adrenal glands produce?
epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol
Describe how our inner ear detects our balance