Disorder
Patients with this refuse to eat adequate quantities of food and are in danger of literally starving to death.
*HINT*
Diagnosis requires extensive interviewing and treatment, including bahavior modifications, and nutrition support, which may take MONTHS to YEARS,
Anorexia Nervosa
Mouth care
monitor labs- findings with this disorder(hypoglycemia,leukopenia,elevated liver enzymes, euthyroid sick syndrome(low TSH level, normal T3 and T4 levels)
EKG findings- low voltage: prolonged QT interval, bradycardia
Document meal percentages
Psychosocial/Cultural
Colors/textures/tastes
Delegation to UAPS
Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder is primarily squamous cell XXXXX
Oral and pharyngeal XXXXX risks are cigarette smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, pipe smoking, and heavy alcohol use.
*HINT*
DX; Physical Exam and biopsy
Cancer of the Oral Cavity
Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
diet therapy, lifestyle changes (particularly weight loss for those who are overweight) drug therapy, and education
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of this disorder on the US.
When combined with heavy alcohol consumption, the risk for this greatly increases.
This disorder is the second most common cancer in China but is less in North America
GERD is a cause of Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition for this disease.
Cancer of the Esophagus
What is obestiy and how to diagnose it?
*HINT*
More than 20% above the ideal weight for height, age, and body type.
The etiology and pathophysiology is a diet of foods high in calories and fat, lack of exercise, and over consumption of food.
Diagnosis
Height and weight chart
Waist and hip circumference
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
Stomatitis treatment
Nursing measures:including special mouth care, artificial saliva, diet
What is a hiatal hernia (diaphragmatic hernia)? What is the etiology and pathophysiology?
a defect in the wall of the diaphragm; this creates protrusion of part of the stomach or the lower part of the esophagus up into the thoracic cavity.
Signs and Symptoms
Gastric Reflux
How to treat Gastroenteritis?
NPO (nothing by mouth) until vomiting stopped
When tolerated, fluids containing glucose and electrolytes should be started
What are the signs, symptoms, and diagnosis of Cancer of the Esophagus?
AND
What is the nursing managment?
Progressive dysphagia, hoarseness, regurgitation of food, foul breath, and persistent cough
Nursing management
-post op care
-nutrition
Stomatitis
Generalized inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth.
Symptoms: pain and swelling of the oral mucosa, increased salivation or excessive dryness, severe halitosis, sometimes fever
Nursing measures:including special mouth care, artificial saliva, diet
Treat of Dysphagia is what?
Semisoft of pureed food
Add thickner to liquids if needed
Consult with speech pathologist
Keep HOB elevated at at least 30 degrees
Caused by transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Relaxation allows fluids or food to reflux into the esophagus from the stomach
*HINT*
Signs and Symptoms
Heartburn (dyspepsia) and reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery are treatment for what?
Cancer of the Oral Cavity
What are the signs and symptoms of gastritis?
AND
What is the treatment for gastritis?
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pain and tenderness in the stomach region, hiccoughs, and sometimes diarrhea.
Treatment
Withhold all foods by mouth and administer drugs that slow down the peristaltic action of the GI tract
IV fluids for severe dehydration
Antispasmodics, antacids, an H2 receptor antagonist, or a proton pump inhibitor
Consume LARGE quantities of food then induce vomiting= weight is NOT gained
These pts use lots of Laxatives to get rid of their waste quickly
Some of this type of pt also suffer from anorexia nervosa.
Some individuals practice this occasionally without harm.
Bulimia
-Fluid and electrolyte assessment (monitor labs)
-Psychotherapy
-Antidepressant medication
-Behavior modification
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. This is caused by food or water contaminated with a virus, a pathogenic bacteria, or parasites.
*HINT*
Signs and Symptoms
Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, mild abdominal tenderness and distention
Gastroenteritis
Esophagectomy is a treatment for what disorder?
Cancer of the Esophagus
What is the treatment for Peptic Ulcer?
Antacids
Gastric bleeding and normal saline lavage
H2-receptoe antagonist medication
PPIs medications
Presence of H. pylori- administration of clarithromycin (Biaxin) plus another antibiotic, and H2 inhibitor and a PPI
Surgery (pyloroplasty, gastrectomy, "total /sub")
Causes are: tumors, esophageal diverticula, inflammation, or motility disorder from a neurological order.
*HINT*
Symptoms
Varies from a mild sensation that something is sticking in the throat to complete inability to swallow solids and or liquids.
Dysphagia
How is obesity treated?
Dietary control and exercise are the MAIN treatments for obesity.
Bariatric Surgery
-Extensive counseling and assessment
-Modify lifestyle and stringent regimen to lose weight and KEEP it off
Types of Bariatric Surgery
-Gastric restrictive
-Malabsorptive
-Gastric restrictive combined with malabsorptive surgery
Etiology:Helicobacter pylori bacteria, other bacteria, viruses, or parasites
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol;infection from eating contaminated food, cocaine use, and ingestion for medications
*HINT*
Pathophysiology- An acute or chronic INFLAMMATION of the mucous membrane lining the stomach causing changes in the issue
Gastritis
Treatment of Hiatal Hernia
Reduce weight
Avoid tight-fitting clothes around the abdomen.
Take antacids and histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists
Elevate head of the bed on 6 to 8 inch blocks
Take proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Do not eat within three hours of going to bed
Limit intake of alcohol, chocolate, caffeine, and fatty foods
Avoid smoking
Etiology:
-H-pylori
-Duodenal ulcers and some pre-pyloric ulcers
-Gastric ulcers
-Tension, anxiety, and prolonged stress (all of you should have one at this point in nursing school..wink wink)
S/S
daily pattern of pain
gastrointestinal bleeding
-Drug induced ulcers
Peptic Ulcer
Yay, you got it! You are soooooo smart!!!! It was the hints!!!