Lines and wrinkles are the most serious effects of aging on the integumentary system. True or False
What is False
100
List the A, B, C, & D's associated with malignant skin lesions
What is
Assymetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter
100
Any part of the body can develop pressure ulcers but which areas are the most common sites? Name three
What is
Sacrum
Greater Trochanter
Ischial tuberosities
Heels
100
A partial thickeness loss of skin layers involving the epidermis that presents clinically as an abrasion, blister or shallow crater is which stage?
What is Stage II
100
The best way to treat a Stage I pressure ulcer is what?
What is removing or "off-loading" the pressure on the area
200
Increased fragility of an older adult's skin leads to which potential problems? Name three
What is
1) Skin tears
2) Increased bruising
3) Ulcer formation
4) Skin infections
200
Older adults commonly have these lesions on varios parts of their body. They vary in size and tend to increase in size and number with age. They are usually dark and wart-like. What are they?
Seborrheic keratosis
200
Older adults are at higher risk for pressure ulcers due to which following factors: Name 2
What is
Fragile skin which damages easily
Poor nutritional status
Reduced sense of pressure or pain
More frequently immobile
More often edematous
200
A full thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue is lost, exposing muscle, bone or both; presents as a deep crater that may include necrotic tissue, exudate, sinus tract formation and infection is which stage?
What is Stage IV
200
Dietary considerations are important for healing of pressure ulcers to occur. A diet high in which nutrients is preferred?
What is a diet high in protein and rich in vitamins and minerals
300
Because the effects of aging on the older adults' skin are highly visible they may contribute to what types of psychosocial consequences? Name two
What is
1) Altered body image
2) Impaired self esteem
3) Social isolation
4) Depression
300
List three ways to prevent and/or treat pruritis
What is:
Avoiding excessiving bathing and dry heat to the skin
moisturizers, oils and lotions to hydrate skin
Vitamin supplements
Topical zinc oxide
Antihistamines
Topical steroids
300
All immobile patients should have a two hour turning schedule which must not be deviated from. True or False?
What is False. Every 2 hours may not be sufficient for some patients.
300
A persistent area of skin redness (without a break in the skin) that does not blanche when pressure is applied is what stage?
What is Stage I
300
The development of eschar or a black scab like material over an ulcer can impede healing. What intervention is required (usually by PT or physician) to promote healing?
What is debridement
400
Measures to prevent premature aging of the skin include which of the following? Name three
What is
1) Avoidance of sun exposure
2) Use of moisturizers
3) Good nutrition
4) Proper hydration
5) Avoid excessive bathing which dries the skin
400
Relieving pressure from bony prominences is essential to prevent pressure ulcer formation. The use of pillows, flotation devices, air flow beds and water beds eliminates the need for frequent position changes. True or False
What is False
400
A full thickness of skin is lost extending through the epidermis and exposing the subcutaneous tissues; presents as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissues is what stage?
What is Stage III
400
Urinary and fecal incontinence may contribute to the nonhealing of pressure ulcers. Keeping skin clean and dry will prevent what condition?
What is maceration
500
The prevalence of skin cancer increases with age. How can the nurse intervene to promote detection of skin cancers? Name 2
What is
1) Encourage older adults to examine their entire bodies; use mirrors if necessary
2) Educate on importance of examination by healthcare providers
3) Instruct on the ABC & Ds of unhealthy moles.
500
Name the three major types of skin cancers
What is
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
500
What are two ways to prevent shearing forces from causing pressure ulcers?
What is not elevating the head of teh bed more than 30 degrees; Not allowing patients to slide in bed; lifting instead of pulling patient when moving them.
500
Several assessment tools have been developed to assess and stage pressure ulcers. The most commonly used scale is known as what?
What is The Braden Scale.
500
Many products exist for treatment of pressure ulcers. What needs to be assessed before recommending a specific type of dressing or intervention? Name 3 things
What is
The stage of the ulcer
The amount of drainage
The location of the ulcer
The continence status of the patient
The mobility of the patient
The presence or absence of infection