Ideas & Thinkers
What were the two key characteristics of the Enlightenment?
optimism and rationality
What was born from the desire to put history, politics, jurisprudence, and economics under the name of logical lenses that had been applied to math and physics?
Enlightenment
Which theory believes that the earth is in the center of the universe? Geocentric universe theory
geocentric
Fill in the blank: What was ____ was good, what was good was ____.
reasonable
Who were two of the most important, formative Enlightenment thinkers?
Locke and Newton
Here's an idea: women should be educated. Who strongly advocated for this notion?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Newton likened the universe to a huge _____, the workings of which was human's duty and privilege to discover.
clock
In the salons of the Enlightenment, the audience of the philosophes did not include this section of society.
the common masses
What idea is about formulating broad generalizations to explain specific events or processes?
deductive reasoning
What was a new style of examining phenomena that involved careful observation and systematic experimentation?
scientific method
In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke said the mind was this until experience and the environment alter it.
blank page
____ is a birthright of all humans, often stolen away by kings and their agents.
Liberty
What were the philosophers of the Enlightenment who were committed to the cause of reform called?
philosophes
Adam Smith "put forth the gospel of free trade and free markets" in Wealth of Nations; he is known as the father of free _____.
enterprise
The need for a division of governmental powers was set forth by this thinker.
Montesquieu
_____ in the present world is the birthright of all humans.
Happiness
Who was one of the founders of the mathematical style of investigation that worked to separate the material from the nonmaterial universe?
Rousseau
Breaking from the past, eighteenth-century reformers believed that these beliefs were controlled by those who profited from ignorance and prejudice.
religious beliefs
This thinker led the charge against monarchic power, arguing that constitutions should limit it.
Voltaire
The optimism and rationality of the Enlightenment led to a sense of ____, that humans were engaged in a successful search for a new state of being.
progress