SPECIAL NEEDS
According to the five specific patient treatment categories for a patient with a physical or mental disorder, a category II patient involves
a. medical conditions with lifelong implications and requires modifications to treatment.
b. serious medical conditions that require only limited care to eliminate serious oral disease.
c. scheduling changes and shorter appointments.
d. no special modifications.
All of the following are major factors in hypertension except
select one:
a. heredity.
b. exercise.
c. smoking.
d. stress.
Before treating an older patient, it is essential to complete a
a. genetic profile.
b. mobility profile.
c. social history.
d. medication profile.
What type of disorder is Graves' disease?
Select one:
a. Neuromuscular disorder
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Cardiovascular disorder
d. Hyperthyroidism
Clinical Considerations for Visually Impaired Patients:
a.When guiding visually impaired patients, offer your arm and let them hold your arm, do not push them
b.Describe obstacles as you guide the patient
c. If a guide dog is being used, do not pet or interfere with the dog; ask the patient first how to handle the dog
d. all of the above
To facilitate an easy patient transfer, a wheelchair-bound patient should initially be positioned
Select one:
a. the same way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
b. as close to the dental chair as possible.
c. as described in both A and B.
d. the opposite way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
Define Hypertension (High Blood Pressure):
The result of the heart having to work harder as it pumps against resistance such as that provided by a blocked artery
The fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population is
Select one:
a. 40- to 50-year-olds.
b. children between 1 and 10 years of age.
c. the older population, 65 years of age and older.
d. young adults in their 20s.
Which type of generalized seizure causes jerks or twitches of the upper body, arms, and legs?
elect one:
a. Tonic seizures
b. Myoclonic seizures
c. Absence seizures
d. Atonic seizures
True or False:
The patient who is hearing impaired should be treated with extra care and courtesy
Hearing-impaired patients may show no visible evidence of hearing loss and may not respond or may respond inappropriately
TRUE
When an assistant is asked to work with a medically and physically compromised patient and family in developing and implementing a preventive program
a. he or she should transfer the patient to the dental hygienist for instructions.
b. it should be the standard preventive program presented to all patients.
c. it should be tailored to the needs of the patient.
d. he or she should respond that this is not a delegable function for an assistant.
Angina includes:
a. A decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle causes a sharp pain in the chest
b. Patients in whom angina has been diagnosed usually have also been given a diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
c. Angina is a sign that the patient is at risk for a heart attack
d. All of the above
The most commonly reported oral-related health conditions affecting an older person include
a. excessive salivation and periodontal disease due to osteoporosis.
b. xerostomia and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
c. excessive salivation and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
d. xerostomia, periodontal disease, and tooth decay.
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) patients usually present with multiple medical conditions. These patients also have typical facial features such as slanted eyes, a broad flat nose, and short stature.
a. The first statement is true but the second is false.
b. Both statements are true.
c. The first statement is false but the second is true.
d. Both statements are false.
Clinical Considerations for Seizures
Be aware of trigger factors
Have an awareness of the presence of an aura
Sedation may help to prevent a seizure during a stressful dental visit
Staff should be prepared to handle an emergency
Severe cases may require treatment under general anesthesia
Maintain oral hygiene
Before any treatment, question patients with a history of seizures about (1) skipping medications or meals, (2) stress and fatigue, (3) pain, and (4) alcohol consumption
Define Endocarditis:
a. Cardiac disease and/or prosthetic replacements convey an increased risk for bacteria to be carried in the blood system
b. A severe infection of the cardiac valves and supporting structures caused by bloodborne pathogens that gain entry to the bloodstream from such places as the mouth and gastrointestinal tract
A condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body’s other organs:
Congestive Heart Failure
Which of the following statements is true concerning "functionally independent older adults"?
a. Persons in this age group have fewer natural teeth and believe that tooth loss is an inevitable part of aging.
b. Some persons in this age group have retained their natural teeth, but more of them have fixed and removable prostheses.
c. This group has retained more of their natural teeth, and they expect to maintain their teeth throughout their lives.
d. This segment of the population tends to have medical conditions that are reflected in their oral health.
Which disorders deals withthe nervous system, beginning in the brain and covers all categories of diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, which include the coverings, blood vessels, and tissues such as muscle
Neurologic Disorders
The following are all special considerations for which condition?
Minimize stress by keeping appointments short and scheduling them in the midmorning
Use sedation techniques such as administration of nitrous oxide or oral diazepam
Instruct patients to maintain normal dietary intake before dental appointments
Minimize the risk for infection
Diabetes Mellitus
For patients with history of stoke that resulted in residual effects (i.e.motor skills, movement altered):
Schedule for the midmorning, with an average of 10 minutes added to the appointment for additional communication and explanation of instructions
Modified oral hygiene aids may have to be introduced
It is the leading cause of death among men over the age of 40 and among women over the age of 65:
Cardiovascular Disease
Many times it is important to have a family member or care giver present when treating a patient with:
Alzheimer's
Disorders that affect the lungs and are characterized by airway obstruction as well as symptoms from several disease categories
Pulmonary Disorders
Clinical Considerations for Allergies
a.Complete a thorough medical history to determine specific allergens
b. Pay special attention to latex and dental material use
c. Have epinephrine stick available for possible emergency
d. All of the above