Forebrain Fun
What is the primary role of each cortical lobe?
Vision is in the occipital
Audition is in the temporal
Body senses are in the parietal
Motor functions are in the frontal lobe
Patient DF has reported trouble regulating his eating habits and is always thirsty. What brain structure and substructure is most likely damaged?
Diencephalon, Hypothalamus.
What term describes a condition where the abnormality, such as a tumor or injury, affects the same side of the body as the symptoms it produces
ipsilateral
Which cranial nerve allows you to shrug your shoulders?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Patient A.I. has trouble with her vision.
Which cortical area mapped by Brodmann is most likely to be affected, and in which lobe?
Area 17, V1, in the occipital lobe
A 45-year-old individual presents with difficulties in coordinating movements, maintaining balance, and has a staggering gait. What brain substructure could be damaged?
Cerebellum
Patient R.S suffered from an ischemic stroke, meaning his stroke resulted from deficient blood flow to the brain. A CT scan revealed damage to R.S’s lateral surface of the brain. Which cerebral artery is attributed to this stroke?
MCA (middle cerebral artery)
During your cranial nerve assessment, your healthcare provider asks you to make a series of different faces, such as puffing out your cheeks and smiling. Which cranial nerve is probably being tested?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Patient W.R. comes in with no history of head trauma but has trouble in gait and reaching for objects. He visited the neurologist, who said that he may have a loss of connections in a specific area of the brain. What disease does patient W.R. have, and which part of the brain has lost the connections?
Parkinson's disease --> loss of connections in the basal ganglia
The medulla is responsible for vital functions like breathing and heart function. Severe damage to this brain structure would likely result in what?
Death
Which anatomical direction refers to the front or anterior portion of the brain, associated with higher cognitive functions and executive control?
Rostral
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Jake is studying for a spelling test and has to memorize his spelling. He works very hard and has been studying for a week. He feels like crying because the words are too difficult. Eventually, Jake gives up and does the test. He somehow got a perfect score.
Which two areas in the limbic system are involved?
The amygdala (emotion) and hippocampus (long-term memory)
Patient DW suffered trauma to his midbrain. As a result, he is experiencing issues with limb movement and receiving projections from his ears. What two brain subregions seem to be affected?
Inferior Colliculi and Red Nucleus
Damage to which specific region of the brain would most likely result in disruption of communication between the cerebral hemispheres?
corpus callosum
Patient HT has been experiencing episodes of choking and coughing while eating recently. Additionally, he has noticed hoarseness in his voice, which he attributes to the frequent coughing episodes. Which cranial nerve may be impaired?
Vagus nerve (CN X)