Unique Nature of Pure Water
In a water molecule, two hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded to one atom of this element.
What is oxygen?
This is a measure of the total amount of dissolved solids in water, expressed in parts per thousand
What is salinity?
These two specific ions make up about 85% of all the ions dissolved in seawater.
What are sodium and chloride?
Approximately 30% of this gas emitted into the atmosphere each year is absorbed by the ocean.
What is carbon dioxide?
This topmost layer of the ocean spans from 0 to 200 meters and receives the most light.
What is the epipelagic zone?
This type of weak chemical attraction occurs when the negative charge of one water molecule is attracted to the positive charge of another.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Sound travels about 4.5 times faster in water than in air primarily because water has a higher property of this.
What is density?
Positive ions like sodium and magnesium enter the ocean primarily from the weathering of these geological formations on land.
What are rocks?
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it reacts to form this specific weak acid.
What is carbonic acid?
Spanning from 200 to 1,000 meters, this second ocean layer is known as the twilight zone and contains no plants.
What is the mesopelagic zone?
Water has one of the highest of these capacities of any naturally occurring substance, protecting marine life from rapid temperature changes.
What is heat capacity?
With each increase of this depth interval in the ocean, another atmosphere (atm) of pressure is added.
What is 10 meters?
Negative ions like chloride and sulfide enter the ocean mainly from volcanoes and these deep-sea hydrothermal structures.
What are hydrothermal vents?
Carbonic acid "steals" these specific ions, which are normally needed by marine organisms to build shells.
What are carbonate ions?
Known as the midnight zone, this layer spans from 1,000 to 4,000 meters deep where the only light is produced by bioluminescence.
What is the bathypelagic zone?
Because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid, water is known by this title.
What is the universal solvent?
As light travels deeper into the ocean, all other colors are absorbed while this color penetrates the deepest.
What is blue?
This scientific principle states that the relative proportions of the major dissolved ions in seawater are constant regardless of total salinity.
What is the Principle of Constant Proportions?
Organisms with structures made of this specific compound, such as corals and oysters, are at the highest risk from ocean acidification.
What is calcium carbonate?
Spanning from 4,000 to 6,000 meters, this layer is the largest environment on Earth and is characterized by extreme cold and darkness.
What is the abyssopelagic zone?
Water is extremely unusual because it is less dense as a solid than as a liquid, causing this physical state to float.
What is ice?
This naturally occurring ocean channel allows low-frequency sound waves from animals like whales to travel thousands of kilometers uninterrupted.
What is the Deep Sound Channel ?
Deep-sea organisms rely heavily on this continuous downward trickle of organic matter, waste, and dead organisms from the productive surface waters.
What is marine snow?
Lower ocean pH and increased acidity can alter the internal chemical balance and suppress this physiological process in many marine animals.
What is the metabolic rate?
Spanning from 6,000 to 11,000 meters, this deepest zone includes features like the Mariana Trench.
What is the hadalpelagic zone?