Cell membrane
These molecules make up the bilayer found in the cell membrane
What are phospholipids?
Movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy
What is diffusion?
This organelle produces large amounts of ATP
What are mitochondria?
In the process of transcription, mRNA is copied from this
What is DNA?
This jelly-like material inside the cell fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus and contains the organelles.
What is the cytolsol?
This model describes when proteins are embedded in the phospholipids and can drift about in the phospholipids.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
The process by which water moves across membranes in response to solute concentration inside and outside of the cell.
What is osmosis?
This organelle controls the cell’s activities and is responsible for inheritance.
What is the nucleus?
The process of making new proteins
What is translation, or protein synthesis?
This network of protein fibers helps maintain a cell’s shape, anchors organelles, and allows for internal movement like vesicle transport.
What is the cytoskeleton?
This property of cell membranes allows some substances to pass through easily while blocking other substances.
What is selective permeability?
This is a difference in the electrical charges between two separate areas.
What is an electrical gradient?
This organelle is involved in the cell’s protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
A sequence of three RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis
What is a codon?
copies genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA, happens in nucleus
transcription
These proteins span the entire lipid bilayer
What are transmembrane proteins?
This transport uses energy in the form of ATP is expended to ‘pump’ a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
Enzymes found in this organelle can digest phagocytized bacteria, waste within a cell, as well as cause non-useful cells to die.
What are lysosomes?
During DNA replication, this enzyme adds new nucleotides
What is DNA polymerase?
cellular proteins that activate and deactivate CDKs, which initiate and regulation of DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis
cyclins
This function of proteins distinguishes the cell from other body cells and foreign cells
What is identification?
The non-specific uptake of fluids into the cell through the use of small vesicles.
What is pinocytosis?
The functions of this organelle include storing calcium ions, detoxification and hormone synthesis, and synthesis and packaging of lipids
What is smooth ER?
Somatic cell division happens during this phase of the cell cyle.
What is mitosis?
This process describes how cells specialize by switching specific genes “on” or “off,” leading to different structures and functions despite sharing the same DNA.
What is cellular differentiation?