Timeline Tracking
This Canadian intelligence agency was primarily responsible for investigating threats before the Air India bombing.
What is the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)?
This effect describes how separate intelligence pieces could have revealed a clear threat if combined.
What is the Mosaic Effect ?
The principle that protects sensitive data, and prevents frontline workers from receiving critical intelligence pertaining to Flight 182.
What is the "need-to-know" principle?
The Canadian government delegated much airport security responsibility to these privatized entities in the 1980s.
What are Airlines?
This 1994 bombing was a test run for the larger Bojinka Plot and involved a bomb hidden under a seat, killing one passenger but failing to destroy the aircraft.
What is Philippine Airlines Flight 434?
The assassination of this Indian Prime Minister by her Sikh bodyguards intensified Sikh extremist activity.
Who is Indira Gandhi?
What type of structure did the RCMP have that made information-sharing difficult?
What is a decentralized structure?
The RCMP failed to deliver this important document to CSIS and Transport Canada, which caused fro a delay in security responses.
What is the June 1st Telex?
Because of budget cuts, by 1985, this law enforcement agency's presence had been reduced in most Canadian airports.
What is the RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)?
This terrorist, linked to Al-Qaeda, assembled a bomb in an airplane lavatory and planted it under a seat before disembarking, leading to an explosion mid-flight.
Who is Ramzi Yousef?
CSIS surveillance incorrectly identified Mr. X as this individual, wasting valuable time and resources.
Who Jaswinder Parmar?
This plot from 1984 could have prevented the Air India bombing if it had been properly shared and investigated.
What is the November Plot?
These four agencies were all involved in aviation security but operated in isolation, failing to share vital intelligence.
What are Transport Canada, the RCMP, Air India, and Burns Security?
What practice that involved a person only traveling with their checked baggage was not properly put in place before the Air India bombing?
What is passanger-baggage reconciliation?
This terrorist plot, foiled in 1995, aimed to destroy multiple U.S. and Canadian airliners using hidden explosives.
What is the Bojinka Plot?
The bomb that destroyed Air India Flight 182 was originally flown from this Canadian city.
What is Vancouver?
What group had valuable intelligence on Sikh extremists but was ignored by the RCMP?
What is the Indo-Canadian Liaison Team?
After the Air India bombing, some penalties were strengthened including fines of up to this amount if any security breaches should take place.
What is $25,000?
What unreliable device was used to detect explosives at Toronto's Pearson International Airport and, contributed to the FLight 182 bomb not being detected?
What is a PD4 explosives detection device?
Philippine Airlines Flight 434 bombing took place in this month, in this year on this day.
What is December 11, 1994?
The bomb on Air India Flight 182 detonated at this exact time on June 23, 1985.
What is 12:14 a.m.?
What part of the CSIS Act led to confusion between the RCMP and CSIS regarding criminal intelligence?
What is the Security Offences Act?
The act lacked meaningful penalties for any airline that went against security procedures, which allowed fro serious breaches to go unpunished.
What is the Aeronautics Act?
What absent security measure allowed for janitorial staff with extremist connections to have access to restricted parts of the airport?
What are background checks?
In response to both attacks, airlines introduced tighter security screening, new restrictions on liquid explosives, and heightened awareness of this type of bomb-making method.
What is in-flight bomb assembly?