Chapter 3 Vocabulary
The marshy plain at the mouth of the Nile River, it has a triangular shape
delta
What does the Red Land refer to around the Nile?
"The red land" is the desert areas surrounding the Nile River Valley
What are the three distinct kingdoms?
Old, Middle, New
Why did ancient Egyptians bury their dead with food and other possessions?
Egyptians believed the dead took whatever items they were buried with to the afterlife.
Pictures and other written symbols that stand for ideas, things, or sounds
Hieroglyphics
The title for kings in ancient Egypt
pharaoh
What does the Black Land refer to?
"The black land" is the fertile soil around the Nile River
What is a series of rulers from the same family?
a dynasty
What happened to the brain after it was removed during mummification?
It was thrown away. Egyptians believed the brain was a useless organ.
Hieroglyph is a _________ word that means "___________________________"
Greek; "sacred carving" OR "sacred and carved in stone"
The extreme scarcity of food
famine
What are the three flood cycle seasons?
In order! Starting with the flooding season term..
akhet peret shemu
What is the name for the period of time in between each "kingdom"?
an intermediate period
This was the carved stone that was the final encasement of a pharaoh's coffin.
a sarcophagus
Besides hieroglyphics, what other two languages were found on the Rosetta Stone?
The Greek alphabet and Egyptian demotic script
capstone
What did farmers do for work during the flooding season?
Farmers worked on building pyramids and other infrastructure
Why did ancient Egyptians stop burying pharaohs within pyramid and begin burying them in hidden tombs?
Due to grave robbers, pharaohs were buried in hidden areas so that their prized possessions were not taken
What are the three steps of mummification?
1. Remove all the organs from the body, 2. Dry out the body with natron and other salts, 3. Wrap the body in linen and seal it with a resin
Jean Francois Champollion discovered that hieroglyphs were phonetic and that mean they represented what?
Sounds!
Another term for flooding... NOT the name of the flood cycle season
inundation
How did the Nile River impact economics from our GRAPES acronym?
The river is a "highway for trade" because traders travel along the river, Egyptians trade with the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean to the north, etc.
What Greek conqueror eventually took over ancient Egypt and appointed the role of pharaoh?
Everyone's favorite! Alexander the Great!
Name the four organs stored in canopic jars.
Lungs, liver, stomach, intestines
An ability to speak or write in two languages
bilingual