Unique Nature of Pure Water
Water is less ____ as a solid than as a liquid.
What is Dense
Water is relatively ____ This means that sunlight shining on the surface can penetrate the surface (crucial for the photosynthetic organisms living underwater).
What is Transparent
____ is one chemical property of the ocean. ____ is usually expressed as the number of grams of salt dissolved into 1000 grams of seawater.
What is Salinity
The average pH of the ocean is ____.
What is 8.0-8.3
This layer is commonly called the Sunlight Zone. This zone recounts more light than other layers.
What is the Epipelagic Zone (0-200m)
Matter consists of elements, each of which naturally occurs as small units known as _____.
What are Atoms
____ ______ in Seawater. As you go deeper objects lose their true color and appear ___.
What is Light Penetration and Blue
____ and ____ account for snow 85% of the ions of which compose the material dissolved in seawater.
What is Sodium and Chloride
The carbon that forms the backbone of all organic molecules starts in the _____ as carbon dioxide and then it dissolves in the ocean at the ____
What is the Atmosphere; Surface
Every night, trillions of creatures from the mesopelagic zone (200-1000m), aka the Twilight Zone, migrate to the surface to feed at night
What is Dvm (Daily Vertical Migration)
A floating layer of ice ____ the water below it do that it doesn’t freeze.
What is Insulate(s)
Ocean depth changes ____, ____, and ____
What is Temperature, Pressure, and Density
Which 2 ions come from volcanoes and hydrothermal vents?
What are Sulfides and Chlorides
What causes these? Greater mortality in marine larvae; Suppress the immune system of many animals, reduce metabolic rates, and alter internal chemical balance; flow the behavior of organisms; make underwater sound go farther
What are Greater CO2 Concentrations
The Bathypelagic Zone (1000-4000m) is also known as ____ ____
What is the Midnight Zone
The positive charges are near the ___ atoms and the negative charges exist around the ___ atom.
What Is Hydrogen and Oxygen
The higher density of water causes sound to travel ___ times faster in water than in air (340 m/s in air and about 1520 m/s in the shallow ocean).
What is 4.5
The density of seawater depends on which two factors?
What is temperature and salinity; (Usually controlled more by temperature)
The organisms at most rich of ocean acidification are those with shells, ____, or other structures made of _____ ____ (CaCO).
What are Skeletons; Calcium Carbonate
Abyssopelagic(Lower Midnight Zone)(4000-6000m) is the ____ environment on Earth
What is the Largest
Surface tension is the measure of the ___ tendency of liquids.
What is elastic
SOFAR, or Sound Fixing and Ranging Channel; In the Deep Sound Channel, low-frequency sound waves can travel uninterrupted for ____ of ____. Used by blue whales, fin whales and humpback whale.
What is Thousands of Kilometers
Trace elements, usually metals and metalloids are present in tiny amnts in the ocean. Most trace elements are removed from the ocean when they are incorporated into sinking particles. Aka ____
What is Marine Snow
About how much CO2 enters the oceans each year?
What is 25%
Hadalpelagic Zone (6000-11000m) is known as the ____. Home to the deepest place on Earth. The temperatures are very cold.
What is the Trenches