Definitions
A characteristic passed on to its offspring through its genes
What is a trait?
Besides being a scientist, this was the profession of Gregor Mendel.
What is a monk?
The physical appearance or visible trait
What is a phenotype?
The total number of chromosomes that humans have.
What is 46?
The molecule that carries the instructions for all living things.
What is DNA?
The scientific study of heredity
What is genetics?
This trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
What is a dominant trait?
The allele combinations or genetic makeup
What is a genotype?
The number of chromosomes a sperm or egg cell has
What is 23?
Sections of DNA that contain the instructions to make proteins, which perform important jobs in your body.
What are genes?
The process by which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism
What is fertilization?
This allele is masked when a dominant allele is present
What is a recessive trait?
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
What is homozygous?
The purpose of this process is for asexual reproduction, growth, and survival of the organism. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is mitosis?
The location in the cell where transcription occurs
Factors that control a trait
What is a gene?
The type of plant Gregor Mendel did most of his studies on
What is a pea plant?
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
What is heterozygous?
The purpose of this process is for sexual reproduction and divides the number of chromosomes in half.
What is meiosis?
What is translation?
An offspring of many generations that have the same trait
What is a purebred?
An organism with two different alleles for a trait
What is a hybrid?
If the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
What is codominant?
This theory states that states that genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
What is the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance?
The four chemical bases that make up DNA
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?