The Colonial Period
Massachusetts was settled by this group of people who obeyed strict theological principles.
Who are the Puritans?
Among other things, these land ordinances reaffirmed that schools and a means of education will always be encouraged.
The theme that influenced much of this era's educational discourse.
What is Reform?
In this school, "instruction was highly structured and based on rote learning and drilling the Three R's (reading, writing, arithmetic)" (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017).
What is a Monitorial School?
This Act in 1917 "provided federal aid for vocational education related to agriculture, home economics, and the trades" (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017).
What is the Smith-Hughes Act?
This legislation required children to be able to read and understand the principles of religion and the laws of the Commonwealth.
What is the 1642 legislation?
Dr. Benjamin Rush
Who is the representative of the National Era?
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi influenced the basis for elementary school reform with these two methods. The first method focuses on emotional security and affection, while the second method focuses on a child's auditory and visual senses.
What are the "general" and "special" methods?
What are the "establishment of school districts, elected school boards, and enacted laws to govern schools" (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017).
By the beginning of the 20th century, education was influenced by these two individuals.
Who are Dewey and Francis Parker?
The five colonial schools
What are the town schools, parochial and private schools, Latin grammar schools, colleges, and Academies?
Benjamin Rush said that as long as these languages dominated the curriculum taught, "universal education beyond the rudiments was wishful thinking" (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017).
What are the Latin and Greek languages?
This German developed "Kindergarten" and developed their learning around play and individual/group interests and activities. (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017)
Who is Friedrich Froebel?
In 1875, lessons of morality were replaced with this and is still a common practice in our curriculum today.
What is conduct?
According to Abraham Flexner, these were "out of step with scientific developments". (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017)
The choice of textbooks for the Colonial school.
Thomas Jefferson believed that a state must educate its citizens to ensure this type of society.
What is a democratic society?
This major idea as a foundation of moral character designed by Johann Herbart referred to the harmony and integration of behavior.
What is preparing students for life, not just college?
Ralph W. Tyler used these "to select and organize learning experience" (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017).
What are objectives?
New English Primer.
Noah Webster believed that this should no longer be a part of the American standard after the Revolution.
What is Great Britain's language?
Herbert Spencer advocated for this type of curriculum that he believed was more suited for the industrialized society.
What is a scientific and practical curriculum?
What are their interests and capabilities?
In John Goodlad's view of school reform, schools should not only help individuals reach their full potential, but also help promote this.
What are society's goals?