unique nature of pure water
atoms In the water molecule
Hydrogen and oxygen
Which color of light penetrates the deepest in the ocean
Blue
One chemical property of ocean
Salinity/temperature/density
Affects the chemistry of the ocean
Rising CO2 levels
Carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds by
Photosynthesis
Causes water molecules to be attracted to one another
The negative and positives charges which attract one another
Athmosphere pressure is added with each:
10 m of increased depth
What is salinity
Total amount of salt dissolved in water
Average pH pf the ocean
8.0-8.3
Carbon that forms the backbone of all organic molecules starts in
The atmosphere as carbon dioxide then it dissolves in the ocean at the surface
Protects organisms in water from rapid and drastic temperatur changes
Water’s high heat capacity
causes sound to travel faster in water than in air
The higher density of water
Why does seawater taste like table salt
Sodium and chloride account for about 85% of the ions
Explain process of acidification
The pH of the ocean droppings and ocean becoming less alkaline
Respiration by ____, ____, and ____ breaks down the organic compounds and makes the CO2 available
Consumers, decomposers, and producers
Ions dissolved in water come from
Chemical weathering of rocks on land, materials from earth’s interior, and materials released into the atmosphere by volcanoes
Explain what SOFAR is
A naturally occurring ocean “channel, is a naturally occurring ocean “channel” that allows sound or carry great distances
Density is controlled by
Temperature and salinity
Organisms at most risk of ocean acidification
Organisms with shells skeletons or other structures made of calcium carbonate
How does carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enter the ocean?
Carbon dioxide enters the ocean through gas exchange at the surface. It dissolves in seawater, where it can form carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions, and carbonate ions, which are all part of the ocean’s carbon system.
Explain what happened when water changes to each of its three stages
Liquid- bonds hold most of the molecules together in small groups
gas- molecules break free due to heat
solid- molecules move so slowly that hydrogen bonds form along molecules
Affects marine organisms
Changing pressure
Source of trace elements
River runoffs, groundwater seeps, the atmosphere, hydrothermal activity, and human derived inputs.
Explain why organisms made of calcium carbonate are at more risk because of acidification
Organisms have more trouble making shells and other calcium-containing structures, which requires more time and energy in the acidic environment.
What role do marine organisms play in the ocean’s carbon cycle?
Marine organisms such as phytoplankton absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis to produce energy. When these organisms die, their remains can sink to the ocean floor, trapping carbon in deep-sea sediments