3.1
the cause that's increases the probability of a disorder developing, but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur.
what are contributory causes?
understanding how dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors correlate
what is psychopathology?
ID, Superego, and ego
what are Freud's three key personality psyches that he theorized?
a relationship where the behavior of each person affects the behavior of the other
what is a bidirectional relationship?
how can negative experiences become protective factors?
dealing with a stressful experience very successfully can cause self-confidence or self esteem.
the viewpoint that acknowledges biological, psychological, and social factors that work together in psychopathology
what is the Biopsychosocial viewpoint?
attaching of oneself in an unreasonable or exaggerated way
what is fixation?
what is authoritarian parenting?
what is a sufficient cause?
some young children can naturally be more shy and anxious while others can be very outgoing
what are ways genetics can affect psychology?
she took her fathers work and elaborated on how the ego preforms its central functions as the "executive" of Personality.
who was Anna Freud?
what is the difference between authoritative and authoritarian parenting?
authoritative is very high on warmth and moderate control with clear limits, while authoritarian is low on warmth and high control and very demanding
what is the difference between a variable and fixed marker?
if X can be changed then it is variable, but if not then it is fixed. X being the source of something. for example in a variable X can be a toxic relationship, and in fixed X could be childhood abuse.
naturally occurring variations in genes
what are polymorphisms?
John Bowlby's theory stating in which young children need to form an attachment with at least one primary care giver for normal emotional and social development
what is attachment theory?
maltreated children who are least likely to show negative outcomes have one or more what?
protective factors
what is the diathesis-stress model?
how does temperament play into personality?
the 5 dimensions of temperament in babies seem to be directly related tot he three dimensions of adult personality. temperament: fearfulness, irritability/frustration, positive affect, activity level, and attentional persistence/ effortful control.
adult personalty: neuroticism or negative emotionality, extraversion or positive emotionality, and constraint
the experiment where pavlov used the sound of a bell and food to train dogs to salivate at the sound of the bell/ on command
what is the best example of classical conditioning?
many children institutionalized in infancy and early childhood show severe emotional, behavioral, and learning problems are at risk for
disturbed attachment relationships and psychopathology