Vocabulary
What is a cash crop?
A crop that is grown to be sold.
Who was John Smith?
He became the leader of Jamestown. He made peace with the Powhatans. He imposed strict rules in Jamestown such as "he who doesn't work doesn't eat".
What is Jamestown?
The first permanent English settlement in the new world.
What were "the starving times"?
The winter of 1609-1610 because the influx of settlers led to disease and starvation. Desperate settlers ate horses, mice and rats just to survive.
Worth 550 points
Where is Elmina Castle located?
It is located in present-day Ghana.
What is indentured servitude?
A system in which a worker agrees to work for an employer for a certain amount of time in exchange for training or payment in land or goods.
Who were the Powhatans?
They were a tribe that lived on the land that Jamestown colonized. They resented the settlers due to the fact they often stole from the tribe. John Smith became friends with the chief's daughter and made peace between the settlers and indigenous people.
Describe the Massachusetts Bay colony.
It was a colony run by Puritans that wanted to 'purify' the church of England. They believed in hard work, clean living, and devotion to God. They believed everyone should read and write. They persecuted those who disagreed with them through punishment, imprisonment, banishment, and execution.
What was the Mayflower compact?
The Mayflower compact was a document written and signed by the Pilgrims during their voyage to the new world. It was an agreement that established the government and laws for their new settlement.
Worth 600 points
Who colonized the Canary Islands?
The Portuguese and the Spanish colonized the Canary Islands.
What is the gentleman class?
A social group made up of low-level noblemen who own land an do not need to work for a living.
Who are the Quakers?
A group of people that established Pennsylvania where they invited everyone to live and worship as they pleased in harmony.
What was the Middle Passage?
It was the trip across the Atlantic ocean that trafficked kidnapped Africans to the new world to become enslaved workers.
How did the colonization of the Canary Islands contribute to the slave trade?
The Canary Island was perfect for growing the cash crop, sugar, which was in high demand in Europe. This meant they needed a large cheap labor force to plant and harvest the sugar.
Worth 650 points
Why did the Portuguese and Spanish "have" to rely on enslaved labor?
The diseases and war brought on by the Europeans led to mass die-offs of indigenous people. Which prevented the Europeans from using indigenous people as cheap labor.
What is the buffer zone?
A neutral area that separates rival nations or factions.
Who was John Rolfe?
He introduced the cash crop, tobacco, to Jamestown.
What were the 'Middle Colonies'?
The 'Middle Colonies' consisted of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. They had the highest number of free Black Americans out of any other regions of the colonies. The mixture of cultures helped the 'middle colonies' prosper due to diverse tradesmen and cultures.
What was the first proprietary colony? Why was it important?
The first proprietary colony was called Baltimore after Lord Baltimore (who was granted 12 million acres by King Charles I). It was important because it was the first colony that was owned by a person not a joint-stock company.
Worth 700 points
Who were the majority of the indentured servants?
Most indentured servants were Irish.
What are tropical latitudes?
Tropical latitudes are areas all around the equator that remain warm all year.
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
He was the Dutch governor that surrendered New Netherlands to the English without firing a single shot. This colony was renamed New York.
What was Elmina Castle?
A Portuguese trade center that became one of the main forts that trafficked kidnapped Africans.
What was considered the unofficial capital of the colonies?
Philadelphia was the largest city in the thirteen colonies. It was the second-largest English speaking city in the world (only slightly smaller than London). It came to be considered the unofficial capital of the colonies.
Worth 750 points
Why was Roger Williams ordered back to England? What happened to him?
Roger Williams was a Puritan minister that came to the Boston, Massachusetts colony. He disagreed with colony's strict rules, interpretation of the Bible, forcing people to go to church, and the mistreatment of the Native Americans. He was ordered back to England but left and joined an indigenous tribe. He established the settlement called Providence. This became Providence, Rhode Island.