Section 3.1 & 3.2
A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.
What is Federalism?
Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution.
What are Implied Powers?
Powers of the federal government that are listed explicitly in the Constitution.
What are Enumerated Powers?
A system of government in which the states and their national government each remain supreme within their own spheres, each with different powers and policy responsibilities.
What is Dual Federalism?
Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local government.
What is Devolution?
The entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments–including regulations, transfers of funds, and the sharing of information–that constitute the workings of the federal system.
What is Intergovernmental Relations?
A legal process whereby a state surrenders a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
What is Extradition?
The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.
What is the Elastic Clause?
A system of government in which states and the national government share powers and policy assignments.
What is Cooperative Federalism?
The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grant in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.
What is Fiscal Federalism?
A central government that holds supreme power in a nation.
What is a Unitary Government?
A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states.
What is Full Faith and Credit (Clause)?
The constitutional amendment stating, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”
What is the Tenth Amendment?
Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of merits of applications.
What are Project Grants?
Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or categories, of state and local spending. Often come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
What are Categorical Grants?
A constitutional provision (Article IV, Section 2) that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights, ensuring equal treatment across states.
What is Privileges and Immunities (Clause)?
The clause in Article VI of the Constitution that makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over the laws as long as the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.
What are Block Grants?
Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.
What are Formula Grants?
An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over the state governments. The Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the powers enumerated in the Constitution.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
A 1995 Supreme Court case that ruled that Congress exceeded its authority by passing the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which banned guns in school zones, because possessing a gun in a local school zone did not significantly affect interstate commerce.
What is United States v. Lopez?
Using federal dollars to influence state and local policy.
What are Crossover Sanctions?
Crossover sanctions that apply to everything
What are Crosscutting Requirements?