Theorists
He is considered the founder of the classical school of criminology.
Who is Beccaria?
Theory that states crime is caused by individual exercise of free will. Punishment based theory.
What is the classical school?
A violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances.
What is deviance?
He is the theorist associated with differential association theory.
Who is Sutherland?
He is the theorist most closely related to social bond theory.
Who is Hirschi?
He is considered the founder of the Positivist school.
Who is Lombrosso?
He is connected with the hedonistic calculus, which states people attempt to maximize their pleasure while minimizing their pain. Punishment based.
Who is Bentham?
A set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events.
What is a theory?
This theory states Crime is the product of socialization and is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists
What is differential association theory?
According to this theory, continued crime results from negative social reactions to those defined as offenders(primary vs. secondary deviance)
What is labeling theory?
His early theories involved biological explanations for crime, including atavism.
Who is Lombrosso?
He is connected with psychoanalysis. This is also a biological theory of crime that focuses on psychological explanations.
Who is Freud?
A theory of human behavior, based on the writings of Sigmund Freud, that sees personality as a complex composite of interacting mental entities.
This theory states Everyone is subject to inducements to crime but factors such as social roles, conscience, and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance (pressures and pulls vs. inner and outer containments)
What is containment theory?
According to Merton there are ____ modes of adaptation a person may fall into when discussing economic means and goals.
What is 5?
He is connected with phrenology, an early biological explanation of crime.
Who is Gall?
Of the three aspects of the psychoanalytic theory, which one did Freud claim would lead to criminality if it was not controlled?
What is the id?
Merton’s mode of adaptation that reflects a law-abiding citizen.
What is a conformist?
or What is a ritualist?
This theory states crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society.
What is anomie theory?
This mode of adaptation disagrees with the means of achieving economic success, but agrees with the goal of economic success and strives to achieve that goal through illegitimate or illegal means.
What is innovation?
What is routine activities theory?
These theories emphasize the role of learning in crime causation.
What are social process theories?
This theory states offenders use various techniques to rationalize their criminal behavior and shed feelings of guilt
What is neutralization?
or
What are neutralization techniques?
This theory refers to a condition of normlessness that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus.
What is social disorganization?