Volcanic Formation
Define a volcano
What is the difference between AA Lava and Pahoehoe Lava?
AA Lava- has a rough surface
Pahoehoe Lava- has a smooth/billowy surface
volcanic plug
An instrument that uses water levels and laser technology to examine change in the earth.
A tiltmeter
Define a hot spot
a place on the earth surface that is directly above a column of rising magma
Define a rift
a deep crack that forms between two tectonic plates as the plate separate
What is a pluton?
An intrusive body of magma that has cooled and hardened underground
List the three categories of volcanoes
Active, Dormant, and Extinct
Name one benefit and one negative of a volcanic eruption.
Benefits- Fertile Soil, Gems/Diamonds, Building Material, Pumice create household cleaners, information on inside the earth, and vent for the Earth.
Negative- ash blocking the sun, destruction of roofs and cities, breathing problems, smothered crops, pollute rivers, and temperature change
Name an important role that volcanoes play in creation?
Make the soil fertile, all for the earth to vent pressure that build up inside allowing for balance and stability for the inner earth
Identify the three types of plate collisions.
Oceanic- Oceanic, Oceanic- Continental, Continental- Continental
List the three different types of plutons.
Sills, Dikes, and Batholiths
Compare a cinder cone volcano to a composite volcano
Cinder-cone is a small cone shaped volcano that is made up of ash and cinders and only has one vent
Composite is a large and steeper volcano that is made up of layers of pyroclastic material and lava.
Name one sign of a coming eruption
Volcanic gases being released, Rising levels of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, Earthquakes, Heating up of rivers, lakes, and rock, Steam and/or smoke escaping, Increase in temperature
Name the two ways that a volcano grows.
1. intrusion- when magma moves up towards up inside the cone and remains there
2. Extrusion- when magma and other material come up through the vent nd pile up on the outside of the cone
The volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean are famously known as____________________.
The Ring of Fire
What extrusive elements are released in a volcanic eruption?
Lava, volcanic ash, pumice, volcanic blocks, and volcanic bombs
Which volcano type has the least extreme eruptions?
Shield Volcano
What are the other devices that are used to measure deformations?
GPS, electronic distance measuring devices, radio telescopes
Volcanoes can form in what three ways?
1. They can form over a hot spot
2. They can form in subduction zones at plate boundaries
3. They can form at divergent plate boundaries
How are volcanoes formed along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Formed along a divergent plate boundary. As the plate is separating magma from the mantle comes up through the rifts
Describe the different types of plutons.
Sills- long and horizontal
Dikes- Vertical and straight
Batholiths- made up of multiple plutons
List the types of eruptions from least violent to most violent.
Icelandic, Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Pelean, and Plianian
Although predictions can be made that an volcano may erupt it cannot predict exact ___________ and the ___________ of a volcano eruption.
Timing
Effects