1
What is the name of a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body?
Heart
What do you call the upper chambers of the heart?
Atria
What do you call a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What do you call the blood vessels that are just one cell thick, and are the sites where substances are exchanged between blood and cells?
Capillaries
Which is the largest artery leaving the heart, which branches out into many other arteries that supply the organs around the body with blood?
Aorta
What do you call the circuit of blood flow from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, dumps off carbon dioxide, and then brings the blood back to the heart?
Pulmonary circulation
What's the name of the circuit that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back?
Systemic circulation
What do you call the component of red blood cells that is made up of a protein containing iron (which gives them their red color) and is able to pick up and transport oxygen?
Hemoglobin
Name the cell fragments that help with blood clotting and scab formation.
Platelets
What do you call the liquid portion of the blood?
Plasma
What do you call a molecule found on the surface of cells and other substances that the immune system recognizes as either part of the body or a foreign substance?
Antigen
What are the 8 blood types?
A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-
What do you call the clear fluid that leaks from blood vessels in order to bathe body cells with liquid and nutrients. It is then collected and returned to the bloodstream?
Lymph
What do you call something that causes disease?
Pathogen
What do you call the pathogens protected by a protein coat (capsule), which consist of small particles of genetic material like DNA that gets injected into a host cell and use the cell to make more of themselves?
Viruses
What do you call proteins made and released by B-cells that have unique structures which fit together like a lock and key, with the markers on the surface of the particular pathogen it was designed to destroy?
Antibodies
What do you call a weakened or dead form of a pathogen that generally does no harm, but does invoke the immune system response and provides protection for the person against being harmed by that pathogen in the future.
Vaccine
What do you call an abnormal reaction to a typically harmless substance, such as some foods, dust, plant pollen, pet dander (flecks of skin that fall from cats, dogs, and other furry creatures), or medicines?
Allergy or allergic reaction
Describe the path of blood as it flows through the four chambers of the heart, the lungs, and the rest of the body.
1. Blood traveling to the heart from veins
throughout the body enters the right atrium.
2. It is then pumped into the right ventricle
3. Then out to the lungs, where it picks up oxy-
gen.
4. The blood returns to the heart through
the left atrium.
5. It is then pumped into the left ventricle
6. Then out to the rest of the body
(through the aorta)
7. the cycle is repeated.
What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins?
Arteries
1. Have thicker walls
2. Carry blood away from heart
3. Carry oxygenated blood
Veins
1. Thinner walls
2. Carry blood towards the heart
3. Carry deoxygenated blood
Both have three layers of tissue
What are the three types of cells found in blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What is the function of red blood cells?
They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body, and carry carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs for disposal.
What is the function of white blood cells?
White blood cells help fight off pathogens.
What is the function of platelets? What exactly are they and where do they come from?
Platelets help in blood clotting to heal wounds. They are pieces of cells that come from our bone marrow.
What is plasma and what is it's function?
Plasma is the fluid part of blood and contains nutrients which are carried to cells for use. It also carries waste products that are taken for disposal.