When a molecule is carbon based, it is known as this.
What is organic?
100
Giant molecules made from smaller building blocks are referred to as these.
What is a macromolecule?
100
These are simple sugars that cannot be broken down.
What are monosaccharides?
100
A protein is a polymer constructed from these monomers.
What are amino acids?
100
This is a specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a given polypeptide.
What is a gene?
200
The simplest organic compounds are called this.
What is a hydrocarbon?
200
This process links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water in the process.
What is dehydration reaction?
200
Glucose and fructose are these, molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
What are isomers?
200
Proteins form these, which change the rate of chemical reactions without being changed in the process, essentially a catalyst.
What is an enzyme?
200
These hydrophobic molecules are neither macromolecules nor polymers, but they are fats and oils.
What are lipids?
300
Cows. This is the simplest hydrocarbon.
$10000 extra to whoever can name the first ten alkanes.
What is methane?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
300
These are the three categories of macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
300
This is the molecule that feeds into our energy producing pathways to make ATP.
What is glucose?
300
Unfavorable temperatures and pH change can cause this, in which the protein unravels and loses its shape.
What is denaturation?
300
Look out, Lance Armstrong! The carbon skeleton of these is bent to form four fused rings and vary in the functional groups attached to this core set of rings.
What are steroids?
400
Carbon can form up to four of this type of bond.
What is covalent?
400
This process breaks down bonds between monomers and adds a molecule of water in the process.
What is hydrolysis?
400
Lactose in milk, maltose in beer, and sucrose in table sugar are all examples of this type of sugar.
What is a disaccharide?
400
The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein is its this.
What is primary structure?
400
This allows fat molecules to tightly stack on top of one another and form solids (typically in fats, not oils.)
What is saturation?
500
Daily double: Carbon is a versatile element, and can manifest in many different shapes and forms. Name two forms.
(e.g., square or spherical. These are not answers.)
What can be double bonded, rings, branched, or vary in length.
500
Common groups of atoms that get attached to carbon skeletons are referred to as these:
What are functional groups?
500
This tough type of polysaccharide does not dissolve readily in water and cannot be broken down by most animals.
What is cellulose?
500
Cells link amino acids together through dehydration reactions and form these.
What is peptide bonds?
500
This process adds hydrogen, converts unsaturated fats into saturated fats, and creates trans fats.