Temp Emergencies
This cold-related emergency is defined as a core body temperature below 95* F (35* C)
Hypothermia
What is the most venomous type of snake?
Coral Snake
When treating a heat emergency, AAOS advises moving the patient to this environment before initiating active cooling.
Cool, shaded area
This diving related illness is caused by nitrogen bubbles forming in the bloodstream due to rapid ascent.
Decompression Sickness
Bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets
Hymenoptera
This heat emergency presents with heavy sweating, cool clammy skin, weakness, and nausea, but mental status is usually normal.
Heat Exhaustion
A 16-year-old was eating lunch outdoors when they suddenly felt a sharp stinging pain in their neck. Within minutes, they develop hives across their chest, swelling of their lips, and difficulty breathing. The patient says they have been stung before but never like this.
What is the bite/sting and what is the reaction?
Bee Sting with Anaphylaxis
AAOS cautions against rubbing or massaging this cold-related injury because it can worsen tissue damage.
Frostbite
This potentially fatal diving emergency occurs when air escapes from the lungs and enters the bloodstream, often affecting the brain.
Air Embolism
Heat transfer between the body and circulating air; examples include exposure to windy, wintry weather with inadequate thermal insulation.
Convection
This condition is a true medical emergency characterized by hot skin, altered mental status, and failure of thermoregulation.
Heat Stroke
A 16-year old presents with fatigue, headache, and low-grade fever. He spent the weekend hiking in tall grass and woods. He does not remember being bitten but noticed a circular rash on his thigh this morning.
What most likely bit him?
Tick Bite/ Lyme Diease
Two men were tossed into the water when their kayaks overturned out on the lake. Both has life jackets on, but the younger man could not swim. It took them nearly 2 hours to get back to the shore. The non-swimmer was actively confused, so EMS was called. The patient appeared cyanotic and he is cold to the touch. Vital signs are: 16 respirations, adequate; pulse 68, regular, BP100/50. What is MOST LIKELY the primary problem?
Hypothermia
This altitude-related condition occurs when the body cannot adapt to decreased oxygen levels at high elevations, causing headache and nausea.
Acute Mountain Sickness
Respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid
Drowning
This cold-related injury causes frozen body tissues, commonly affecting the fingers, toes, ears, and nose. When long exposure, tissue will turn what color?
What is the name of the injury and color of the skin?
Frostbite, Purple/Black
A patient reports a painful bite on their hand while cleaning out the woodpile. The site looks mild, but within an hour the patient develops severe muscle cramps, sweating and restlessness.
What bite is this?
Black Widow Bite
The patient you are assessing was bitten multiple times on the lower arms and hands in an attack by a strange dog. She complains of severe pain at the injury site and is bleeding from the wounds. Emergency Medical Care for this patient begins with...
Supporting the ABC's
According to AAOS, the prehospital treatment for both decompression sickness and air embolism includes this intervention.
High-Flow Oxygen
Condition caused by air bubbles in the blood in the blood vessels
Air Embolism
According to AAOS, this condition results from prolonged exposure to cold, wet conditions above freezing, causing pale, wrinkled, painful feet.
Immersion Foot/ Trench Foot
A 15-year-old noticed a small red mark on their thigh yesterday. Today the area is blistered with a dark, necrotic-appearing center and increasing pain. The patient feels generally unwell but has minimal muscle cramping.
What bite is this?
Brown Recluse Bite
*DOUBLE JEOPARDY*
A 28-year-old hiker is found at 12,000 feet with shortness of breath, a persistent cough, and frothy sputum. Temperature is 34*C and extremities are cold. They have a mild headache and nausea.
What is the condition and what is it complicated by?
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema complicated by early hypothermia
This altitude emergency causes fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to severe shortness of breath and pink, frothy sputum
High-altitude pulmonary edema
The ability of the skin to resist deformation
Turgor