Manifest Destiny and Expansion
What was the belief that the U.S. was destined to spread across North America?
Manifest Destiny?
What was the name of the mission-fort where Texans made a famous last stand?
Alamo
Who was the priest who began Mexico’s War of Independence with the Grito de Dolores?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
::He was executed less than a year later.::
*Can someone be both a priest and a revolutionary?
What did Native Americans famously ask for when they visited St. Louis and couldn’t find it?
“Book of Heaven” (the Bible)
How did the Mexican-American War begin, and what was one major consequence of it?
The war began over border disputes and ended with massive land loss for Mexico.
What do we call the businessmen like Stephen Austin who were given permission to settle Americans in Texas?
What are empresarios?
What are the three branches of government shared by both the U.S. and Mexican Constitutions?
Executive, Legislative, Judicial.
Which U.S. president is most associated with fulfilling Manifest Destiny?
James K. Polk
What event involved the execution of Texan prisoners after surrendering?
Goliad Massacre
Who declared Mexico’s independence in 1821 and marched into Mexico City?
Agustin de Iturbide
What major event did Father Miguel start with his Grito de Dolores in 1810?
Mexican War of Independence
What was the Thornton Affair?
a small fight in which Mexican troops attacked U.S. soldiers in disputed land
Name one reason tensions rose between Mexican authorities and American settlers.
Language, religion, loyalty, or legal differences.
What was Mexico’s official religion under the Constitution of 1824?
Roman Catholicism.
Which candidate opposed annexing Texas, fearing war and slavery debates?
Henry Clay
What decisive battle ended the Texas Revolution in 1836?
Battle of San Jacinto
::Sam Houston’s army caught Santa Anna by surprise. ::
What happened to Agustin de Iturbide after he became Emperor?
He was overthrown and executed.
::His rule failed to unite the country. ::
Before executing Father Miguel, what did the royalists do to him?
They defrocked him—stripped him of his priestly status.
At which battle did U.S. troops gain an edge thanks to a secret road discovered by Robert E. Lee?
What is the Battle of Cerro Gordo?
Who led the Texan army and later became president of the Republic of Texas?
Sam Houston
*What qualities make a good revolutionary leader?
What did Santa Anna replace the Mexican Constitution of 1824 with?
The Siete Leyes (“Seven Laws”).
:: These took power from citizens and centralized authority.::
What was the slogan demanding all of Oregon up to the Alaskan border?
What is “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!
Which three famous men died at the Battle of the Alamo?
William Travis, Jim Bowie, and Davy Crockett
What 1821 plan united royalists and revolutionaries under Catholic independence?
Plan of Iguala
::It emphasized unity, faith, and freedom from Spain. ::
What were the three “Guarantees” of the Army of the Three Guarantees?
1) Catholic nation, 2) Independence from Spain, 3) Unity between peninsulares and criollos.
::These ideas helped unite opposing factions.::
*Can people with different goals unite under shared values?
What historic hilltop fortress did U.S. troops capture during the Mexico City campaign?
Chapultepec Castle
Why did Davy Crockett lose his seat in Congress?
He voted against the Indian Removal Act.
His unpopular decision cost him politically—but some say it made him heroic.
*Should leaders always follow public opinion?
What was Santa Anna’s argument for limiting who could vote?
That people were too uneducated to govern themselves.
::He believed education should determine voting rights.::
*
Who decides what counts as “educated enough” to vote?
How did the U.S. and Britain settle the Oregon Territory dispute?
They agreed on the 49th parallel as the border.
((Polk avoided two wars at once by compromising))
How long did Texas exist as an independent republic before becoming a U.S. state?
Nearly 10 years, from 1836 to 1845.
::Texas joined the U.S. over controversy over slavery. ::
What’s the difference between a republican government and a constitutional monarchy?
Republican = elected leaders;
constitutional monarchy = monarch with elected legislature.
What was one problem with the Catholic Church being Mexico’s state religion?
Church courts operated alongside state courts, creating legal confusion.
What name was given to the teen cadets who died defending Chapultepec?
Los Niños Héroes (The Boy Heroes)
*Should children ever be involved in war?
What did Polk claim when he asked Congress to declare war?
That Mexico had “shed American blood on American soil.”
What makes a constitutional monarchy different from a true republic?
A monarch remains head of state, but power is shared with an elected legislature.